African Gold Refinery v Enough Project Another (MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATION NO 93 OF 2019)
Observed later treatment
No later-treatment classification is recorded for this judgment.
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Holding
The High Court dismissed an application for a temporary injunction restraining publication of an allegedly defamatory report hosted on United States-based websites. The court held that temporary injunctions in defamation cases are granted only in the clearest cases where the statement is unarguably defamatory and no defence could possibly apply. The applicant failed to satisfy this test where respondents raised defences of justification and truth supported by documentary evidence, and where there was no evidence of intention to repeat the publication.
Outcome
Application for temporary injunction dismissed
Facts
The applicant, African Gold Refinery, filed a defamation suit against two United States-based organisations that published a report titled 'Golden Laundromat: the Conflict Gold Trade from Eastern Congo to the United States and Europe' on their websites. The report alleged that the applicant refined illegally-smuggled conflict gold from Eastern Congo and exported it to the United States and Europe through a network controlled by Belgian tycoon Alain Goetz. The applicant sought a temporary injunction to restrain further publication, alleging severe harm to its reputation and loss of business. The respondents opposed the application, citing Belgian criminal convictions of the Goetzes for forgery and money laundering, and raised defences of truth and justification supported by documents from Ugandan regulatory authorities detailing the applicant's non-compliance with anti-money laundering and mining regulations.
Issues
- Whether the court has jurisdiction to issue an injunction restraining respondents domiciled in the United States from hosting and publishing a report on their websites in the United States.
- Whether the applicant satisfied the conditions for a temporary injunction in a defamation case.
- Whether the statements complained of are manifestly defamatory with no possible defence.
Orders
- Application dismissed.
- Costs awarded to the respondents.
Rules and key headnotes
Legislation cited (4)
- Civil Procedure Act s.64
- Civil Procedure Act s.98
- Civil Procedure Rules O.41 r.1
- Civil Procedure Rules O.41 r.2
Cases cited (11)
- Giella v Cassman Brown & Co Ltd [1973] EA 258
- John Ntoiti Mugambi alias Kamukuru v Hon. Moses Kithinji alis Hon Musa 2016 eKLR
- Micah Cheserem v Immediate Media Services [2000] 1 EA 371
- Equator International Distributors Ltd v Beiersdorf East Africa Ltd & Others (Miscellaneous Application No. 1127 of 2014)
- Yahaya Kariisa v Attorney General & Another (Supreme Court Civil Appeal No. 7 of 1994)
- Titus Tayebwa v Fred Bogere and Eric Mukasa (Civil Appeal No. 3 of 2009)
- Francis Atwoli and 5 Others v Hon Kazungu Kambi and 3 Others (High Court Civil Suit No. 60 of 2015)
- Cheserem v Immediate Media Services and 4 Others [2000] EA 371
- Greene v Associated Newspapers Ltd [2005] QB 972
- Chin Bay Ching v Merchant Ventures Pte Ltd [2005] 3 SLR(R) 142
- Hararkas & Others v Baltic Mercantile & Shipping Exchange Limited and Another [1982] 2 All ER 701
Full judgment
The original judgment as reported. Read the original PDF before relying on any passage.