Wakilii

John K. Gilliat and Company Limited v Land and Agricultural Bank of Kenya (Civil Case No. 145 of 1938)

East African Court of Appeal · [1938] EACA 187 · 1938 Judgment for Defendant AI-generated summary ↓ Download Pin to watchlist Add to matter
Jurisdiction
Uganda
Case Type
First instance civil suit for declaration of priority between chattels mortgage and first legal mortgage
Decision
Plaintiff's claim dismissed; defendants' title to coffee and coffee crops upheld

Observed later treatment

No later-treatment classification is recorded for this judgment.

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Holding

A first legal mortgagee's rights under section 29 of the Chattels Transfer Ordinance, 1930 are not prejudicially affected by a subsequent chattels mortgage over crops on the mortgaged land. The proviso to section 29 applies only to sales by third parties, not to sales by the prior mortgagee. Discharge of the first mortgage does not revive rights under the subsequent chattels mortgage. A chattels mortgagee is not a 'subsequent mortgagee' within section 45A of the Land and Agricultural Bank Ordinance. The Land Bank may lawfully reserve the right to bid at its own auction sale without court permission.

Outcome

Plaintiff's claim dismissed; defendants' title to coffee and coffee crops upheld

Facts

By indenture dated 19 January 1932, the defendant Land and Agricultural Bank became first legal mortgagees of Karatina Estate, a coffee farm. On 25 January 1932, the plaintiff Gilliat & Company became chattels mortgagees of all coffee crops on the estate under the Chattels Transfer Ordinance, 1930. The mortgagor fell into arrears. On 30 June 1937, the defendant exercised its statutory power under section 45A of the Land and Agricultural Bank Ordinance to sell the estate by public auction. The conditions of sale reserved the defendant's right to bid. The defendant was the highest bidder and purchased the estate for Sh. 20,000, substantially less than the debt owed. On 25 July 1937, the defendant executed an indenture discharging its first mortgage and conveying the estate to itself. The plaintiff claimed the proceeds of the 1937-38 coffee crop (Sh. 5,955) and future crops, asserting its chattels mortgage became a first charge upon discharge of the defendant's mortgage.

Issues

  1. Whether section 29 of the Chattels Transfer Ordinance, 1930 protected the defendant's rights as first legal mortgagee against the plaintiff's subsequent chattels mortgage.
  2. Whether the discharge and cancellation of the first legal mortgage on 25 July 1937 gave rise to rights under the chattels mortgage.
  3. Whether the plaintiffs were 'subsequent mortgagees' entitled to three months' notice under section 45A of the Land and Agricultural Bank Ordinance, 1930.
  4. Whether the defendants committed a breach of fiduciary duty by purchasing the property at their own auction sale.
  5. Whether the insertion of a condition reserving the right to bid at auction was ultra vires or invalid without leave of the Court.

Orders

  • Suit dismissed.
  • Costs awarded to the defendants.

Rules and key headnotes

Mortgage — Chattels Mortgage — Priority — Effect of Section 29 Chattels Transfer Ordinance
Under section 29 of the Chattels Transfer Ordinance, 1930, a chattels mortgage over crops does not prejudicially affect the rights of a prior legal mortgagee of the land on which the crops are growing, unless the mortgagee consented in writing to the chattels mortgage.
Chattels Transfer Ordinance — Section 29 Proviso — Scope of Application
The proviso to section 29 of the Chattels Transfer Ordinance, 1930, which protects a registered chattels mortgage from being extinguished by any subsequent sale, lease, mortgage or encumbrance, applies only to subsequent dealings by the landlord or mortgagor, not to a sale by a prior mortgagee exercising its rights.
Mortgage — Discharge of First Mortgage — Effect on Subsequent Chattels Mortgage
Discharge and cancellation of a first legal mortgage does not cause rights under a subsequent chattels mortgage to come into being where section 29 of the Chattels Transfer Ordinance protects the first mortgagee's rights from prejudicial effect by the chattels mortgage.
Land and Agricultural Bank — Section 45A — Subsequent Mortgagees — Notice Requirements
A chattels mortgagee is not a 'subsequent mortgagee' within the meaning of section 45A of the Land and Agricultural Bank Ordinance, 1930, which defines 'mortgagee' as including a chargee under the Registration of Titles Ordinance, and is therefore not entitled to three months' notice of sale.
Mortgage — Power of Sale — Mortgagee Bidding at Own Auction
Section 45A of the Land and Agricultural Bank Ordinance, 1930 confers exceptional powers on the Land Bank to sell mortgaged property by public auction on such terms and conditions as appear just, without recourse to a court of law. The insertion of a condition reserving the Bank's right to bid at its own auction sale is not ultra vires and does not require leave of the Court.
Mortgage — Fiduciary Duty — Mortgagee's Right to Look After Own Interests
A mortgagee exercising a power of sale does not commit a breach of fiduciary duty by purchasing the property at auction where the sale proceeds fall short of the amount advanced on the mortgage. A mortgagee's right is to look after itself first; fiduciary obligations arise only in relation to any surplus proceeds.

Legislation cited (5)

  • Land and Agricultural Bank Ordinance, 1930 s.45A
  • Land and Agricultural Bank (Amendment) Ordinance, 1933 s.4
  • Chattels Transfer Ordinance, 1930 s.28
  • Chattels Transfer Ordinance, 1930 s.29
  • Registration of Titles Ordinance

Cases cited (10)

  • Toulmin v Steere (1817) 36 ER 81
  • Squire v Ford (1850) 68 ER 408
  • Gokuldoss Gopaldoss v. Rambux Seochand 0 1 I.A. 126 at 133
  • Lewis v Hillman (1852) 10 ER 239
  • Boyce v Edbrooke [1903] 1 Ch 836
  • Farrar v. Farrar Ltd. (40Ch. 409)
  • National Bank of Australasia v United Hand-in-Hand and Band of Hope Company (1879) 4 AC 391
  • In re Bloye's Trust (1849) 41 ER 1354
  • In re Hallett's Estate (1880) 13 Ch D 696
  • Doolan v Midland Railway Company (1877) 2 AC 792

Full judgment

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John K. Gilliat and Company Limited v Land and Agricultural Bank of Kenya (Civil Case No. 145 of 1938) [1938] EACA 187 (1 January 1938)
Source: this page presents Wakilii’s issue analysis and metadata for a publicly reported Ugandan judgment. Any AI-generated summary is marked as such. Judgment text is sourced from the Uganda Legal Information Institute (ulii.org). Wakilii is not affiliated with ULII.