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Navinchandra v The Registered Trustees of Bible Society of Uganda (Civil Appeal No. 0162 of 2012)

Court of Appeal · [2019] UGCA 54 · 2019 Appeal Dismissed AI-generated summary ↓ Download Pin to watchlist Add to matter
Jurisdiction
Uganda
Case Type
First appeal from a High Court (Land Division) judgment in a civil suit for recovery of money and damages
Decision
Appeal dismissed; High Court judgment ordering refund of USD 175,000, general damages of UGX 50,000,000, interest and costs upheld

Observed later treatment

No later-treatment classification is recorded for this judgment.

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Holding

The Court of Appeal dismissed the appeal against a High Court order requiring the appellant to refund USD 175,000 plus general damages. The Court held that the lease of repossessed expropriated property did not amount to a sale and was not prohibited by section 8 of the Expropriated Properties Act, since a lease retains a reversionary interest. The suit, filed in 1999 for a cause of action accruing in 1990, was not time barred under the twelve-year limitation period. The appellant, having acted as both director and advocate of the company that received the money, was accountable on the principle of money had and received, having failed to prove he remitted the sum. The monetary orders were fair and not disturbed.

Outcome

Appeal dismissed; High Court judgment ordering refund of USD 175,000, general damages of UGX 50,000,000, interest and costs upheld

Facts

The appellant, a director, shareholder and advocate of Kakubhai Kalidas & Co Ltd, dealt with the respondent over property at Plot 10 Army Avenue, being Asian expropriated property recently repossessed. Because the law barred sale of such property until five years had passed, the parties executed a five-year lease from 1 April 1987 for USD 175,000, with an option to purchase later. The sale money was paid into the appellant's bank account, to be transferred to the company. After taking possession, the respondent was evicted by government because the External Security Organization wanted the building. It was agreed the appellant would refund the current value. Government paid compensation of UGX 421,935,750 to the appellant's company, but the respondent was never refunded. The respondent sued and the High Court found in its favour, ordering a refund of USD 175,000, general damages of UGX 50,000,000, interest and costs. The appellant appealed, arguing the transaction was an illegal sale, was statute barred, and that liability was wrongly apportioned to him personally.

Issues

  1. Whether the lease of the repossessed expropriated property amounted to an illegal sale contrary to section 8 of the Expropriated Properties Act.
  2. Whether the suit was statute barred under the Limitation Act.
  3. Whether the appellant, acting as an advocate who received money for a client, was accountable to the client and the payer.
  4. Whether the appellant was jointly and severally liable for the money had and received.
  5. Whether the trial judge erred in the orders as to damages and costs.

Orders

  • Appeal dismissed with costs here and in the court below.

Rules and key headnotes

Expropriated Properties Act — Restriction on Disposal — Lease Distinguished from Sale
A lease of repossessed expropriated property does not amount to a sale or disposal prohibited by section 8 of the Expropriated Properties Act, because a lease leaves a reversionary interest in the lessor and does not transfer ownership.
Limitation — Recovery of Land — Accrual of Cause of Action
The twelve-year limitation period for recovery of land under the Limitation Act runs from the date the right of action accrued; where a cause of action accrued in 1990 upon denial of access, a suit filed in 1999 is within time.
Advocate Acting for Client — Duty to Account for Money Received
An advocate who receives money on behalf of a client company has a duty to account for and remit that money; where he also acts as director and shareholder, he must prove he remitted the funds, and a director's personal receipt does not constitute receipt by the separate legal entity of the company.
Money Had and Received — Point of Law Need Not Be Pleaded as Issue
The principle of money had and received is a point of law that need not be established at trial as a pleaded issue; an appeal is determined on the grounds of appeal rather than the issues framed by the parties, and courts may reappraise evidence and make findings on all issues of law and fact.
General Damages — Assessment — Discretion of Court
General damages are awarded at the discretion of the court as a natural consequence of the defendant's act or omission to compensate for injury suffered, guided by the value of the subject matter, the inconvenience caused, and the nature and extent of the breach.

Legislation cited (7)

Cases cited (7)

  • Pandya v R [1957] EA 336
  • Kifamunte Henry v Uganda (Criminal Appeal No. 10 of 1997)
  • Makula International v His Eminence Cardinal Nsubuga (Civil Appeal No. 4 of 1981)
  • Interfreight Forwarders (U) Ltd v East African Development Bank [1990-1994] EA 117
  • Okello-Okello v UNEB [1993] Vol. II KALR 133
  • Robert Cousens v Attorney General (Civil Appeal No. 8 of 1999)
  • Uganda Commercial Bank v Kigozi [2002] 1 EA 305

Full judgment

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The original judgment as reported. Read the original PDF before relying on any passage.

Navinchandra Vs The Registered Trustees of Bible Society of Uganda (Civil Appeal No. 0162 of 2012) [2019] UGCA 54 (26 April 2019)
Source: this page presents Wakilii’s issue analysis and metadata for a publicly reported Ugandan judgment. Any AI-generated summary is marked as such. Judgment text is sourced from the Uganda Legal Information Institute (ulii.org). Wakilii is not affiliated with ULII.