Wakilii

Uganda Post Ltd T A Posta Uganda v Anne Magezi (Civil Application 172 of 2012)

Court of Appeal · [2016] UGCA 96 · 2016 Appeal Allowed AI-generated summary ↓ Download Pin to watchlist Add to matter
Jurisdiction
Uganda
Case Type
First appeal from a High Court judgment on a counterclaim for trespass arising from distress for rent
Decision
Appeal allowed; counterclaim dismissed with costs and awards of general and aggravated damages set aside

Observed later treatment

No later-treatment classification is recorded for this judgment.

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Holding

The Court of Appeal allowed the appeal, holding that a limited company landlord can lawfully distress for rent 'in person' through its duly authorised officer, and that a court bailiff may also act as an agent for that purpose without a court order. The court found the appellant lawfully distressed for rent through its Property Manager, who was present and signed the inventory. It rejected the trial judge's finding that an advocate's chambers' contents are privileged from distress, holding that goods attachable to recover rent are subject to distress. Having found the distress lawful, the court set aside the awards of general and aggravated damages and dismissed the counterclaim with costs.

Outcome

Appeal allowed; counterclaim dismissed with costs and awards of general and aggravated damages set aside

Facts

The appellant company was the registered proprietor of premises in Jinja Municipality which also housed the General Post Office. In 2000 the respondent's deceased, an advocate practising as Mwanja Magezi & Waibale, rented space there, with a formal tenancy agreement signed in January 2003. The tenant defaulted on rent for about eight months from January to August 2003, whereupon the appellant locked up the premises and demanded rent. In September 2003 the appellant sued for rent arrears; the respondent counterclaimed for damages for wrongful detention of property, trespass and resultant business loss. Judgment was eventually entered for the appellant for UGX 7,706,000 in rent arrears. The appellant's Property Manager, present in person, participated in locking the premises and signing an inventory of the tenant's property, which included a refrigerator, typewriter, file shelves, chairs, computers, books, files and furniture. The trial judge held the distress unlawful because the bailiff lacked a court order and that the advocate's chambers' contents were privileged, awarding the respondent general and aggravated damages.

Issues

  1. Whether the appellant's locking up of the premises and detention of the respondent's property amounted to unlawful distress and trespass.
  2. Whether a limited company landlord could lawfully distress for rent 'in person' through its officer or a court bailiff without a court order under section 2 of the Distress for Rent (Bailiffs) Act.
  3. Whether the movable property in an advocate's chambers was privileged and not subject to distress.
  4. Whether the respondent was entitled to general damages of UGX 65,000,000 and aggravated damages of UGX 32,500,000 for trespass.

Orders

  • Appeal allowed.
  • Judgment in respect of the counterclaim set aside and substituted with an order of dismissal with costs.
  • The respondent shall pay the costs of the appeal.

Rules and key headnotes

Landlord and Tenant — Distress for Rent — Right of Landlord at Common Law
The landlord's right to distrain for arrears of rent is a common law remedy that need not be expressly reserved; the Distress for Rent (Bailiffs) Act did not abolish or modify this common law right.
Corporate Personality — Acting 'In Person' — Distress for Rent by a Company
A limited company landlord can lawfully distress for rent 'in person' through a duly authorised officer or agent exercising general authority, without need of a specific company resolution, since a corporation acts through its officers and agents and is deemed to act 'in person'.
Distress for Rent — Use of Court Bailiff Without Court Order — Section 2 Distress for Rent (Bailiffs) Act
Where a company landlord distresses for rent in person through its officer, the requirement of a court order under section 2 of the Distress for Rent (Bailiffs) Act is satisfied; a court bailiff may also lawfully act as an agent of the landlord to levy distress.
Distress for Rent — Privilege of Goods — Tools of Trade
Goods that may be attached and sold to recover rent are subject to distress, and the statutory right of distress is not subject to common law privileges or exceptions such as the 'tools of trade' privilege claimed for an advocate's chambers.
Trespass to Goods — Lawful Distress as a Defence — Damages
Where a landlord lawfully distrains for rent, the detention of the tenant's property until full payment does not amount to trespass, and no general or aggravated damages can be awarded; a party cannot be permitted to gain from his own breach of contract.

Legislation cited (5)

Cases cited (7)

  • Tumushabe v Anglo African Ltd (Civil Appeal No. 7 of 1999)
  • Kanji Patel Vs Noor Essa & Anor (1965) E.A 484
  • Kantiki Vs Wang'ombe (2005) 1 EA 107
  • Begumisa v Tibebaga (Civil Appeal No. 17 of 2002)
  • Diamond Trust Properties v Yoka Rubber Industries (Civil Appeal No. 57 of 2008)
  • Lyons v. Elliot (1876) 1 QBD 210
  • Clarke v. Millwall Company (1886) QBD 494

Full judgment

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Uganda Post Ltd T A Posta Uganda v Anne Magezi (Civil Application 172 of 2012) [2016] UGCA 96 (25 January 2016)
Source: this page presents Wakilii’s issue analysis and metadata for a publicly reported Ugandan judgment. Any AI-generated summary is marked as such. Judgment text is sourced from the Uganda Legal Information Institute (ulii.org). Wakilii is not affiliated with ULII.