Xyz v Repubic of Benin
Observed later treatment
No later-treatment classification is recorded for this judgment.
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Holding
The African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights dismissed the applicant's request for provisional measures to stay implementation of Benin's constitutional amendment Law No. 2019-40. The Court held that while it had prima facie jurisdiction, the applicant failed to demonstrate the requisite extreme gravity, urgency, or risk of serious and irreparable harm to persons required under Article 27(2) of the Protocol.
Outcome
Application for provisional measures dismissed; merits application remains pending
Facts
The applicant, a citizen of Benin granted anonymity by the Court, challenged Law No. 2019-40 adopted by Benin's National Assembly on 31 October 2019, which amended the Constitution. The Constitutional Court of Benin validated the law on 6 November 2019 following referral by the President. The applicant alleged the amendment was based on a unilateral constitutional review initiated by the President for political gains and violated rights under the African Charter and the African Charter on Democracy Elections and Governance. The applicant claimed the amendment legitimized a parliament based on violent and non-inclusive elections of 28 April 2019 and introduced major reforms without consensus. The applicant sought provisional measures to stay implementation of the law and return to the status quo ante pending determination of the merits.
Issues
- Whether the Court has prima facie jurisdiction to hear the application for provisional measures.
- Whether the conditions for granting provisional measures under Article 27(2) of the Protocol are satisfied, namely extreme gravity, urgency, and risk of irreparable harm to persons.
Orders
- Request for provisional measures dismissed.
Rules and key headnotes
Legislation cited (12)
- Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights on the Establishment of an African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights Article 3
- Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights on the Establishment of an African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights Article 27(2)
- Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights on the Establishment of an African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights Article 34(6)
- African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights Article 1
- African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights Article 9(1)
- African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights Article 13(1)
- African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights Article 20(1)
- African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights Article 22(1)
- African Charter on Democracy Elections and Governance Article 10(2)
- African Charter on Democracy Elections and Governance Article 23(5)
- Law No. 2019-40 of 31 October 2019
- Law No. 90-032 of 11 December 1990
Cases cited (5)
- African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights v Libya (Application No. 002/2013)
- Amini Jumd v United Republic of Tanzania (Application No. 024/2016)
- Gambia v Myanmar (ICJ, 23 January 2020)
- Islamic Republic of Iran v United States of America (ICJ, 3 October 2018)
- Equatorial Guinea v France (ICJ, 7 December 2016)
Full judgment
The original judgment as reported. Read the original PDF before relying on any passage.