Chattels Securities Act

Commencement

This Act shall come into force on a date to be appointed by the Minister, by statutory instrument

Section analysis Source-linked statutory analysis Source linked

Approved statute annotation. Statutory quotations are matched to this consolidation and judicial passages are linked to judgments. Check the primary sources alongside this analysis.

What this section does

Mandatory duty

This section imposes mandatory requirements concerning “Commencement”.

“This Act shall come into force on a date to be appointed by the Minister, by statutory instrument”

Primary legislation Source quotation matched

Practical effect

The provision uses mandatory language; the responsible person or institution should be able to demonstrate compliance.

Deterministic editorial synthesis — not a substitute for the statutory text Editorial synthesis approved

Elements or requirements

Operative requirements extracted from the consolidated text.

1

This Act shall come into force on a date to be appointed by the Minister, by statutory instrument

Judicial interpretation

Express propositions in source-matched passages from judgments citing this section.

0

No judgment in the current Wakilii corpus expressly cites this section. Bare rule-number references are not assigned where the Order cannot be verified.

Related provisions

No express internal or cross-Act reference appears in this section.

Amendment notes

No section-specific amendment note or instrument-level amendment history appears in this consolidation.

Interpretation

In this Act, unless the context otherwise requires

"accessions" means goods that are installed in or fixed to other goods;

"cash proceeds" means proceeds in the form of money, cheques, drafts, and deposit accounts in a deposit- taking institution;

"chattel" means any moveable property that can be completely transferred by delivery, and includes machinery, book debts, stock and the natural increase of stock, crops, wool or property in respect of which a valid document of title exists but does not include-

(a)

title deeds, choses in action or negotiable instruments;

(b)

shares and interests in the stock, funds or securities of any government or local authority;

(c)

shares and interests in the capital or property of any company or other corporate body; or

(d)

debentures and interest coupons issued by any government, or local authority, company or other corporate body;

"chattel paper" means one or more documents that evidence-

(a)

a monetary obligation and a security interest in a lease of specific goods; or

(b)

a lease of specific goods;

"chose in action" means a right which can be enforced in court;

"collateral" means personal property that is subject to a security interest;

"consumer goods" means goods that a debtor uses or acquires for use primarily for personal, family or household purposes; and the determination whether goods are consumer goods for the purposes of a security interest is made at the time the security interest in the goods attaches;

"court" means a court of competent jurisdiction;

"crops" means crops, whether matured or otherwise, and whether naturally grown or planted, attached to land by roots or forming part of trees or plants attached to land, but does not include trees;

"currency point" has the value assigned to it in the First Schedule;

"debtor" means-

(a)

a person who owes payment or performance of a secured obligation, whether or not that person owns or has rights in the collateral;

(b)

a seller of receivables;

(c)

a lessee under a lease for a term of more than three years; or

(d)

where the debtor and the owner of the collateral are not the same person-

(i)

in any provision dealing with the collateral, the owner of the collateral;

(ii)

in any provision dealing with the obligation, the person under the obligation; and

(iii)

both the debtor and the owner, where the context permits or requires;

"document of title" means a document which in the regular course of business or financing is treated as adequately evidencing that the person in possession of it is entitled to receive, hold and dispose of the goods it covers; and includes a bill of lading, dock warrant, dock receipt, warehouse receipt or order for the delivery of goods; and is issued by or addressed to a bailee and relates to goods in the possession of the bailee that are identified or are tangible portions of an identified mass;

"executed" means signed by the grantor or his or her attorney;

"financing change statement" means a document relating to a registered financing statement;

"financing statement" means a document relating to a security interest or proposed security interest registered under this Act and includes a financing change statement and a security document registered under any other Act before the coming into force of this Act;

"fungible" means goods or securities of which any unit is, by nature or usage of trade, the equivalent of any other like unit, and includes unlike units to the extent that they are treated as equivalents under a security agreement;

"future advance" means the payment of money, provision of credit, or giving of value secured by a security interest, occurring after the agreement creating the security interest has been entered into, whether or not given pursuant to a commitment, and includes advances and expenditures made for the protection, maintenance, preservation or repair of a collateral;

"goods" means tangible personal property other than-

(a)

chattel paper;

(b)

documents of title;

(c)

tangibles;

(d)

money;

(e)

negotiable instruments;

(f)

receivables; or

(g)

securities, and includes crops and animals, but does not include trees until they are severed or minerals until they are extracted;

"grantee" means a party to an instrument to whom a chattel or an interest referred to in the instrument is granted or assigned, or a party to whom a chattel or an interest referred to in the instrument is agreed to

be granted or assigned, and includes his or her executors, administrators and assignees, and in the case of a company or corporation, includes the successors and assignees of the company or corporation;

"instrument" means an instrument given to secure the payment of money or the performance of an obligation and includes a bill of sale, mortgage, lien, or a document that transfers the property or interest in a chattel, whether permanently or temporarily by way of sale, security, pledge, settlement or lease, and includes-

(a)

inventories of chattels with receipts attached to the inventories;

(b)

receipts for purchase money of chattels;

(c)

declaration of trust without transfer;

(d)

powers of attorney, authorities, or licences to take possession of chattels as security for debt; and

(e)

an agreement whether or not it is intended to be followed by the execution of an instrument in which a right in equity to a chattel, or to a charge or security is conferred, but does not include-

(i)

securities over, or leases of, fixtures, except trade machinery when mortgaged or charged apart from the land to which they are attached, when mortgaged, charged or leased in land or a building to which they are affixed, and whether or not the fixtures are specifically included in the mortgage, charge or lease;

(ii)

assignments for the benefit of the creditors of the person making the assignment;

(iii)

transfer or agreements to transfer instruments by way of security;

(iv)

transfer or assignment of a ship or vessel;

(v)

transfer of a chattel used in the ordinary course of business or trade;

(vi)

debentures issued by Government or a local authority;

(vii)

a bill of sale of a chattel in a foreign country or at sea;

(viii)

a document used in the ordinary course of business as proof of the possession or control of chattels, or a document authorising the transfer or receipt of the chattels mentioned in the document;

(ix)

a debenture issued by a company or corporate body and secured upon the capital stock or chattels of the company or corporate body;

(x)

a mortgage or charge granted or created by a company incorporated or registered under the Companies Act; or

(xi)

a hire-purchase agreement;

"lease" means a lease or bailment of goods for more than three years and includes-

(a)

a lease of an indefinite term, even though the lease is determinable by one or both of the parties not later than three years from the date of its execution;

(b)

a lease for a term of three years or less that is automatically renewable or that is renewable at the option of one of the parties or by agreement for one or more terms, the total of which may exceed three years; and

(c)

a lease for a term of three years or less where the lessee retains uninterrupted or substantially uninterrupted possession of the goods leased for a period in excess of one year after the day the lessee first acquired possession of the goods, but where the lease does not become a lease for a term of more than three years until the lessee's possession extends for more than three years, but does not include-

(i)

a lease by a lessor who is not regularly engaged in the business of leasing; or

(ii)

a lease of household furnishings or appliances;

"liquidator" has the meaning in the Insolvency Act;

"machinery" means the machinery used in a factory or workshop, or in the production, preparation or manufacture of agricultural products, but does not include-

(a)

waterwheels, engines and steam boilers;

(b)

fixed power machinery, such as the staffs, wheels, drums and appliances used in the transmission of power; or

(c)

pipes for steam, gas and water;

"Minister" means the Minister responsible for justice and constitutional affairs;

"negotiable instrument" means a bill of exchange, note or cheque within the meaning of the Bills of Exchange Act and includes-

(a)

any document that evidences a right to payment of money and which is of a type that in the ordinary course of business is transferred by delivery with any necessary endorsement or assignment; and

(b)

a letter of credit, if the letter of credit states on it that it shall be presented on claiming payment, but does not include chattel paper, a document of title or a security;

"prior security interest" means a security interest provided for by an agreement that-

(a)

was made or entered into before the coming into force of this Act; and

(b)

has not been terminated before the coming into force of this Act; but does not include a security interest which is renewed, extended or consolidated by an agreement or transaction made or entered into after the coming into force of this Act;

"proceeds" means identifiable or traceable personal property in any form derived directly or indirectly from dealing with a collateral or proceeds of a collateral, and includes-

(a)

a right to an insurance payment or any other payment as indemnity or compensation for loss or damage to the collateral or proceeds; and

(b)

a payment made in total or partial discharge or redemption of an intangible, a negotiable instrument, a security or chattel paper;

"public trustee" means the public trustee appointed under the Public Trustee Act;

"purchase money security interest" means a security interest to the extent that it is-

(a)

taken or retained by the seller of collateral to secure all or part of its price;

(b)

taken by a person who, by making advances or incurring an obligation, gives value to enable a debtor acquire rights in or the use of collateral if the value is in fact used; or

(c)

the interest of a lessor of goods under a lease for a term of three years, but does not include a transaction of sale by and lease back to the seller, and for the purposes of this definition "price" and "value" include credit charges or interest payable for the purchase or loan credit;

"receivables" means any right to payment for goods sold or leased or for services rendered which is not evidenced by chattel paper, or by a negotiable instrument or by a security, whether or not it has been earned by performance;

"register" means the register of chattels securities interests established under section 37 ;

"registrar" means the registrar of chattels securities designated under section 35 ;

"secured party" means a person who holds a security interest for his or her own benefit or for the benefit of another person and includes a trustee where the holders of the obligations issued, guaranteed or provided for are represented by a trustee as the holder of the security interest;

"security" means an instrument given to secure the payment of money or the performance of some obligation and includes share, stock, warrant, bond, debenture or any document-

(a)

that is in a form recognised in the place in which it is issued or dealt with as evidence of a share, participation or other interest in property or an enterprise; or

(b)

that is evidence of an obligation of the issuer and which in the ordinary course of business is transferred by-

(i)

delivery, together with any necessary endorsement, assignment or registration in the records of the issuer or agent of the issuer; or

(ii)

compliance with any conditions restricting transfer; and an uncertificated security;

"security document" means a writing which creates a security interest, or which evidences a security interest;

"security interest" means a right that is enforceable against persons generally, arising out of an interest in a chattel paper, a document of title, goods, an intangible, money, or a negotiable instrument and includes-

(a)

a fixed charge;

(b)

a floating charge;

(c)

an interest created or provided for by-

(i)

a chattel mortgage;

(ii)

a conditional sale agreement including an agreement to sell subject to retention of title;

(iii)

a hire purchase agreement;

(iv)

a pledge;

(v)

a security trust deed;

(vi)

a trust receipt;

(vii)

an assignment;

(viii)

a consignment;

(ix)

a lease; or

(x)

a transfer of chattel paper, which secures payment or performance of an obligation; without regard to the form of the transaction and without regard to the identity of the person who has title to the collateral, including where title to the collateral is in the secured party;

"stock" includes sheep, goats, cattle, horses, pigs, poultry, and any other domestic animals;

"tangibles" means personal property other than-

(a)

chattel paper;

(b)

documents of title;

(c)

goods;

(d)

money;

(e)

negotiable instruments;

(f)

receivables; or

(g)

securities;

"uncertificated security" means a security which is not evidenced by a security certificate, and the issue and transfer of which is registered by or on behalf of the issuer.

Section analysis Source-linked statutory analysis Source linked

Approved statute annotation. Statutory quotations are matched to this consolidation and judicial passages are linked to judgments. Check the primary sources alongside this analysis.

What this section does

Definition

This section supplies the definitions or statutory meaning governing “Interpretation”.

“In this Act, unless the context otherwise requires "accessions" means goods that are installed in or fixed to other goods;”

Primary legislation Source quotation matched

Practical effect

Use this definition when interpreting other provisions that employ the language addressed by “Interpretation”.

Deterministic editorial synthesis — not a substitute for the statutory text Editorial synthesis approved

Elements or requirements

Operative requirements extracted from the consolidated text.

38

"cash proceeds" means proceeds in the form of money, cheques, drafts, and deposit accounts in a deposit- taking institution;
"chattel" means any moveable property that can be completely transferred by delivery, and includes machinery, book debts, stock and the natural increase of stock, crops, wool or property in respect of which a valid document of title exists but does not include-
"chattel paper" means one or more documents that evidence-
"chose in action" means a right which can be enforced in court;
"collateral" means personal property that is subject to a security interest;
"consumer goods" means goods that a debtor uses or acquires for use primarily for personal, family or household purposes; and the determination whether goods are consumer goods for the purposes of a security interest is made at the time the security interest in the goods attaches;
"court" means a court of competent jurisdiction;
"crops" means crops, whether matured or otherwise, and whether naturally grown or planted, attached to land by roots or forming part of trees or plants attached to land, but does not include trees;

30 further items remain in the statutory text above.

Judicial interpretation

Express propositions in source-matched passages from judgments citing this section.

0

No judgment in the current Wakilii corpus expressly cites this section. Bare rule-number references are not assigned where the Order cannot be verified.

Related provisions

Section 37 · Register of chattels securities Section 35 · Designation of registrar Bills of Exchange Act Companies Act Insolvency Act Public Trustee Act

Amendment notes

No section-specific amendment note or instrument-level amendment history appears in this consolidation.

Agreement giving power of distress by way of security to be instrument

(1)

An agreement, not being a mining lease, in which a power of distress is given or agreed to be given by way of security, for present, future or contingent debt or advance, and in which any rent is reserved or paid as a means of providing for the payment of interest on the debt or advance, or for the purpose of security only, shall be an instrument covering chattels seized or taken under the power of distress.

(2)

Notwithstanding subsection (1), where a mortgagee of an interest in land enters into possession of the mortgaged land, receives rent or profits in respect of the land, or transfers the land or any part of the land to the mortgagor at a fair and reasonable rent, the instrument in which the transfer is effected shall not be taken to be an instrument within the meaning of this Act.

Section analysis Source-linked statutory analysis Source linked

Approved statute annotation. Statutory quotations are matched to this consolidation and judicial passages are linked to judgments. Check the primary sources alongside this analysis.

What this section does

Definition

This section supplies the definitions or statutory meaning governing “Agreement giving power of distress by way of security to be instrument”.

“(1) An agreement, not being a mining lease, in which a power of distress is given or agreed to be given by way of security, for present, future or contingent debt or advance, and in which any rent is reserved or paid as a means of providing for the payment of interest on the debt or advance, or for the purpose of security only, shall be an instrument covering chattels seized or taken under the power of distress.”

Primary legislation Source quotation matched

Practical effect

Use this definition when interpreting other provisions that employ the language addressed by “Agreement giving power of distress by way of security to be instrument”.

Deterministic editorial synthesis — not a substitute for the statutory text Editorial synthesis approved

Elements or requirements

Operative requirements extracted from the consolidated text.

2

(1) An agreement, not being a mining lease, in which a power of distress is given or agreed to be given by way of security, for present, future or contingent debt or advance, and in which any rent is reserved or paid as a means of providing for the payment of interest on the debt or advance, or for the purpose of security only, shall be an instrument covering chattels seized or taken under the power of distress.
(2) Notwithstanding subsection (1), where a mortgagee of an interest in land enters into possession of the mortgaged land, receives rent or profits in respect of the land, or transfers the land or any part of the land to the mortgagor at a fair and reasonable rent, the instrument in which the transfer is effected shall not be taken to be an instrument within the meaning of this Act.

Judicial interpretation

Express propositions in source-matched passages from judgments citing this section.

1

Citing judgments are indexed, but no express interpretive proposition has yet passed the passage-verification threshold. Open Judicial treatment for the citing passages.

Related provisions

No express internal or cross-Act reference appears in this section.

Amendment notes

No section-specific amendment note or instrument-level amendment history appears in this consolidation.

Reservation of title

A reservation of title by a secured party or a seller of goods notwithstanding shipment or delivery, is limited in effect to the reservation of a security interest

Section analysis Source-linked statutory analysis Source linked

Approved statute annotation. Statutory quotations are matched to this consolidation and judicial passages are linked to judgments. Check the primary sources alongside this analysis.

What this section does

Governing rule

This section states the governing statutory rule for “Reservation of title”.

“A reservation of title by a secured party or a seller of goods notwithstanding shipment or delivery, is limited in effect to the reservation of a security interest”

Primary legislation Source quotation matched

Practical effect

Use this section as the starting statutory rule for “Reservation of title”, together with the linked provisions and current consolidation.

Deterministic editorial synthesis — not a substitute for the statutory text Editorial synthesis approved

Elements or requirements

Operative requirements extracted from the consolidated text.

0

This section states a single governing proposition and does not enumerate separate elements.

Judicial interpretation

Express propositions in source-matched passages from judgments citing this section.

0

No judgment in the current Wakilii corpus expressly cites this section. Bare rule-number references are not assigned where the Order cannot be verified.

Related provisions

No express internal or cross-Act reference appears in this section.

Amendment notes

No section-specific amendment note or instrument-level amendment history appears in this consolidation.

Collateral in possession or control of debtor

A secured party does not have possession of collateral that is in the actual or apparent possession or control of a debtor or of an agent of a debtor

Section analysis Source-linked statutory analysis Source linked

Approved statute annotation. Statutory quotations are matched to this consolidation and judicial passages are linked to judgments. Check the primary sources alongside this analysis.

What this section does

Governing rule

This section states the governing statutory rule for “Collateral in possession or control of debtor”.

“A secured party does not have possession of collateral that is in the actual or apparent possession or control of a debtor or of an agent of a debtor”

Primary legislation Source quotation matched

Practical effect

Use this section as the starting statutory rule for “Collateral in possession or control of debtor”, together with the linked provisions and current consolidation.

Deterministic editorial synthesis — not a substitute for the statutory text Editorial synthesis approved

Elements or requirements

Operative requirements extracted from the consolidated text.

0

This section states a single governing proposition and does not enumerate separate elements.

Judicial interpretation

Express propositions in source-matched passages from judgments citing this section.

0

No judgment in the current Wakilii corpus expressly cites this section. Bare rule-number references are not assigned where the Order cannot be verified.

Related provisions

No express internal or cross-Act reference appears in this section.

Amendment notes

No section-specific amendment note or instrument-level amendment history appears in this consolidation.

Knowledge of fact in relation to particular transaction

(1)

For the purposes of this Act, a person knows or has knowledge of a fact in relation to a particular transaction where that person-

(a)

has actual knowledge of the fact; or

(b)

receives actual or has constructive notice of the factt, whether or not the person acquires actual knowledge of the demand, notice or document.

(2)

A person shall be deemed to have received constructive notice of a fact if the circumstances are such that, that person would be reasonably expected to have been aware of that fact.

(3)

Cirumstances from which constructive notice under this section can be imputed shall include the following-

(a)

where an agent or employee of that person has actual notice of the fact;

(b)

where notice is in respect of the existence of a security interest, the whole public shall be deemed to have constructive notice of that security interest upon registration of the relevant instrument.

Section analysis Source-linked statutory analysis Source linked

Approved statute annotation. Statutory quotations are matched to this consolidation and judicial passages are linked to judgments. Check the primary sources alongside this analysis.

What this section does

Mandatory duty

This section imposes mandatory requirements concerning “Knowledge of fact in relation to particular transaction”.

“(1) For the purposes of this Act, a person knows or has knowledge of a fact in relation to a particular transaction where that person-”

Primary legislation Source quotation matched

Practical effect

The provision uses mandatory language; the responsible person or institution should be able to demonstrate compliance.

Deterministic editorial synthesis — not a substitute for the statutory text Editorial synthesis approved

Elements or requirements

Operative requirements extracted from the consolidated text.

7

(1) For the purposes of this Act, a person knows or has knowledge of a fact in relation to a particular transaction where that person-
(a) has actual knowledge of the fact; or
(b) receives actual or has constructive notice of the factt, whether or not the person acquires actual knowledge of the demand, notice or document.
(2) A person shall be deemed to have received constructive notice of a fact if the circumstances are such that, that person would be reasonably expected to have been aware of that fact.
(3) Cirumstances from which constructive notice under this section can be imputed shall include the following-
(a) where an agent or employee of that person has actual notice of the fact;
(b) where notice is in respect of the existence of a security interest, the whole public shall be deemed to have constructive notice of that security interest upon registration of the relevant instrument.

Judicial interpretation

Express propositions in source-matched passages from judgments citing this section.

0

No judgment in the current Wakilii corpus expressly cites this section. Bare rule-number references are not assigned where the Order cannot be verified.

Related provisions

No express internal or cross-Act reference appears in this section.

Amendment notes

No section-specific amendment note or instrument-level amendment history appears in this consolidation.

Notice to be in writing

(1)

A demand, notice or document made under this Act shall be in writing, and shall, in the case of a request made under section 15 , contain a postal address.

(2)

A demand, notice or document is deemed to be sufficiently made or given where-

(a)

in the case of a secured party named in a financing statement, it is delivered to that person or is left at the address of that person, as specified in the financing statement or is posted in a letter addressed to that person by name, at that address; or

(b)

in the case of any other person, it is delivered to that person or is left at the usual or last known place of residence or business of that person or at an address specified for that purpose in the security document, or if it is posted in a letter addressed to that person by name, at the place of residence or business of that person.

(3)

Where the person is absent from Uganda, the notice, demand or other document may be given to an agent of the person in Uganda; and where the person is deceased, it may be given to the personal representative of the deceased person.

(4)

Where the person is absent from Uganda and has no known agent in Uganda, or is deceased and has no personal representative, or the identity or whereabouts of the person is not known, the demand, notice or other document may be made or given in a manner directed by court.

(5)

Notwithstanding subsections (1), (2),(3) and (4), court may in any case, make an order directing the manner in which a demand, notice or document is to be made or given, or dispensing with the making or giving of a demand, notice or other document.

(6)

Subsections (1), (2), (3),(4) and (5) do not apply to notices or other documents given or served during court proceedings.

(7)

Subsections (1), (2), (3),(4) and (5) do not apply to the giving of any notice where another procedure is specified in the agreement creating the security interest for the giving of notices; and a notice given in accordance with that procedure is sufficiently given for the purposes of this Act.

(8)

Section 61(6) concerning the effect of a defect, irregularity, omission or error in a financing statement or in the execution or registration of it, applies with any necessary modifications, to a defect, irregularity, omission or error in a notice, demand or other document required or authorised to be given or made to any person by this Act.

Section analysis Source-linked statutory analysis Source linked

Approved statute annotation. Statutory quotations are matched to this consolidation and judicial passages are linked to judgments. Check the primary sources alongside this analysis.

What this section does

Procedural rule

This section establishes the governing procedure for “Notice to be in writing”.

“(1) A demand, notice or document made under this Act shall be in writing, and shall, in the case of a request made under section 15, contain a postal address.”

Primary legislation Source quotation matched

Practical effect

A litigant should address this rule at the procedural stage named in the section and preserve evidence of compliance.

Deterministic editorial synthesis — not a substitute for the statutory text Editorial synthesis approved

Elements or requirements

Operative requirements extracted from the consolidated text.

10

(1) A demand, notice or document made under this Act shall be in writing, and shall, in the case of a request made under section 15, contain a postal address.
(2) A demand, notice or document is deemed to be sufficiently made or given where-
(a) in the case of a secured party named in a financing statement, it is delivered to that person or is left at the address of that person, as specified in the financing statement or is posted in a letter addressed to that person by name, at that address; or
(b) in the case of any other person, it is delivered to that person or is left at the usual or last known place of residence or business of that person or at an address specified for that purpose in the security document, or if it is posted in a letter addressed to that person by name, at the place of residence or business of that person.
(3) Where the person is absent from Uganda, the notice, demand or other document may be given to an agent of the person in Uganda; and where the person is deceased, it may be given to the personal representative of the deceased person.
(4) Where the person is absent from Uganda and has no known agent in Uganda, or is deceased and has no personal representative, or the identity or whereabouts of the person is not known, the demand, notice or other document may be made or given in a manner directed by court.
(5) Notwithstanding subsections (1), (2),(3) and (4), court may in any case, make an order directing the manner in which a demand, notice or document is to be made or given, or dispensing with the making or giving of a demand, notice or other document.
(6) Subsections (1), (2), (3),(4) and (5) do not apply to notices or other documents given or served during court proceedings.

2 further items remain in the statutory text above.

Judicial interpretation

Express propositions in source-matched passages from judgments citing this section.

0

No judgment in the current Wakilii corpus expressly cites this section. Bare rule-number references are not assigned where the Order cannot be verified.

Related provisions

Section 15 · Secured party to supply information Section 61 · Registration of financing statement

Amendment notes

No section-specific amendment note or instrument-level amendment history appears in this consolidation.

Conflict of laws

(1)

The validity, perfection and effect of perfection or non-perfection of a security interest is governed by the law of Uganda where-

(a)

at the time the security interest attaches-

(i)

the collateral is situated in Uganda;

(ii)

the collateral is situated out of Uganda but the secured party has knowledge that it is intended to be moved to Uganda; or

(b)

the security agreement provides that the law of Uganda will be applied.

(2)

Where a security interest to which the law of Uganda does not apply under subsection (1) has attached to collateral before the collateral is moved to Uganda, the security interest is taken to be perfected by registration under section 18 , if the secured party has complied with the requirements for enforceability of the security interest against third parties, in the jurisdiction where the security interest attaches.

Section analysis Source-linked statutory analysis Source linked

Approved statute annotation. Statutory quotations are matched to this consolidation and judicial passages are linked to judgments. Check the primary sources alongside this analysis.

What this section does

Jurisdictional rule

This section establishes the jurisdictional rule for “Conflict of laws”.

“(1) The validity, perfection and effect of perfection or non-perfection of a security interest is governed by the law of Uganda where-”

Primary legislation Source quotation matched

Practical effect

A litigant should establish this jurisdictional basis before asking the court to determine the merits.

Deterministic editorial synthesis — not a substitute for the statutory text Editorial synthesis approved

Elements or requirements

Operative requirements extracted from the consolidated text.

6

(1) The validity, perfection and effect of perfection or non-perfection of a security interest is governed by the law of Uganda where-
(a) at the time the security interest attaches-
(i) the collateral is situated in Uganda;
(ii) the collateral is situated out of Uganda but the secured party has knowledge that it is intended to be moved to Uganda; or
(b) the security agreement provides that the law of Uganda will be applied.
(2) Where a security interest to which the law of Uganda does not apply under subsection (1) has attached to collateral before the collateral is moved to Uganda, the security interest is taken to be perfected by registration under section 18, if the secured party has complied with the requirements for enforceability of the security interest against third parties, in the jurisdiction where the security interest attaches.

Judicial interpretation

Express propositions in source-matched passages from judgments citing this section.

0

No judgment in the current Wakilii corpus expressly cites this section. Bare rule-number references are not assigned where the Order cannot be verified.

Related provisions

Section 18 · Perfection by registration

Amendment notes

No section-specific amendment note or instrument-level amendment history appears in this consolidation.

Creation of security interest

(1)

A security interest is created by a transaction that in substance secures payment or performance of an obligation, without regard to the form of the transaction, identity of the person who has title to the collateral, or whether title to the collateral is in the secured party.

(2)

For a transaction to create a security interest, it shall-

(a)

be intended only as security;

(b)

be a right that is enforceable against any person;

(c)

be created by grant or declaration of trust and not by reservation; and

(d)

expressly specify a restriction on the control by the debtor over the assets.

(3)

A security interest does not include-

(a)

a lien, charge or interest created by another Act; or

(b)

an interest created or provided for by-

(i)

a transfer of an interest or claim in or under a contract of annuity or policy of insurance, except as provided by this Act with respect to proceeds and priorities in proceeds;

(ii)

a transfer of an unearned right to payment under a contract to a person who is to perform the obligations of the transferor under the contract;

(iii)

the creation or transfer of an interest in land;

(iv)

an assignment of receivables made solely to facilitate the collection of the receivables on behalf of the person making the assignment;

(v)

an assignment for the benefit of a creditor of a person making the assignment;

(vi)

a transfer of present or future wages, salary, pay, commission or compensation for labour or personal services;

(vii)

a transfer of a right to damages in tort;

(viii)

a transfer of a right to payment that arises in connection with an interest in land, including a transfer of rental payments payable under a lease or a licence to occupy land, unless the right to payment is evidenced by a security; or

(ix)

a sale of receivables as part of a sale of a business out of which they arose, unless the vendor remains in apparent control of the business after the sale, whether or not the interest would otherwise be a security interest.

(4)

A security interest shall be taken as given by a debtor to a creditor for the sole purpose of creating a security interest and shall not operate as a transfer of an interest in property from the debtor to the creditor.

(5)

Where a debtor signs a transfer as a condition for a grant of a security interest under this Act, the transfer shall be void.

(6)

The provisions of the Land Act, Cap. 227 relating to family land rights shall apply to this Act.

Section analysis Source-linked statutory analysis Source linked

Approved statute annotation. Statutory quotations are matched to this consolidation and judicial passages are linked to judgments. Check the primary sources alongside this analysis.

What this section does

Mandatory duty

This section imposes mandatory requirements concerning “Creation of security interest”.

“(1) A security interest is created by a transaction that in substance secures payment or performance of an obligation, without regard to the form of the transaction, identity of the person who has title to the collateral, or whether title to the collateral is in the secured party.”

Primary legislation Source quotation matched

Practical effect

The provision uses mandatory language; the responsible person or institution should be able to demonstrate compliance.

Deterministic editorial synthesis — not a substitute for the statutory text Editorial synthesis approved

Elements or requirements

Operative requirements extracted from the consolidated text.

21

(1) A security interest is created by a transaction that in substance secures payment or performance of an obligation, without regard to the form of the transaction, identity of the person who has title to the collateral, or whether title to the collateral is in the secured party.
(2) For a transaction to create a security interest, it shall-
(a) be intended only as security;
(b) be a right that is enforceable against any person;
(c) be created by grant or declaration of trust and not by reservation; and
(d) expressly specify a restriction on the control by the debtor over the assets.
(3) A security interest does not include-
(a) a lien, charge or interest created by another Act; or

13 further items remain in the statutory text above.

Judicial interpretation

Express propositions in source-matched passages from judgments citing this section.

0

No judgment in the current Wakilii corpus expressly cites this section. Bare rule-number references are not assigned where the Order cannot be verified.

Related provisions

Land Act

Amendment notes

No section-specific amendment note or instrument-level amendment history appears in this consolidation.

Effectiveness of agreement creating security interest and duty of good faith

(1)

Notwithstanding the provisions of this Act, an agreement to create a security interest is effective according to its terms, between the parties to it and is enforceable against a third party.

(2)

A duty of good faith applies to both the debtor and the secured party.

Section analysis Source-linked statutory analysis Source linked

Approved statute annotation. Statutory quotations are matched to this consolidation and judicial passages are linked to judgments. Check the primary sources alongside this analysis.

What this section does

Governing rule

This section states the governing statutory rule for “Effectiveness of agreement creating security interest and duty of good faith”.

“(1) Notwithstanding the provisions of this Act, an agreement to create a security interest is effective according to its terms, between the parties to it and is enforceable against a third party.”

Primary legislation Source quotation matched

Practical effect

Use this section as the starting statutory rule for “Effectiveness of agreement creating security interest and duty of good faith”, together with the linked provisions and current consolidation.

Deterministic editorial synthesis — not a substitute for the statutory text Editorial synthesis approved

Elements or requirements

Operative requirements extracted from the consolidated text.

2

(1) Notwithstanding the provisions of this Act, an agreement to create a security interest is effective according to its terms, between the parties to it and is enforceable against a third party.
(2) A duty of good faith applies to both the debtor and the secured party.

Judicial interpretation

Express propositions in source-matched passages from judgments citing this section.

0

No judgment in the current Wakilii corpus expressly cites this section. Bare rule-number references are not assigned where the Order cannot be verified.

Related provisions

No express internal or cross-Act reference appears in this section.

Amendment notes

No section-specific amendment note or instrument-level amendment history appears in this consolidation.

Attachment of security interest

(1)

A security interest in the nature of a floating charge attaches to collateral when it becomes enforceable against a debtor.

(2)

A security interest in the nature of a floating charge does not attach unless-

(a)

the parties agree to create the security interest;

(b)

value is given by the secured party; and

(c)

the debtor has rights in the collateral, except where the parties agree that it shall attach at a later time, in which case it attaches in accordance with the agreement of the parties.

(3)

A floating charge shall not seek to cover the assets of the debtor generally, but shall relate only to assets that are either ascertainable, ascertained or form a portion of a divisible stock or collection of assets whether similar or diverse and can be segregated from and exist separately from the stock or collection.

(4)

Where a person possessing property claims a security interest in the property in the absence of a security document, the burden of proving the existence of an agreement to create a security interest lies with the person claiming the security interest.

(5)

For the purposes of subsection (1), an agreement to create a floating charge is not an agreement that the security interest created by the floating charge attaches at a later time.

(6)

For the purposes of subsection (2)(c), a debtor has rights in goods which are-

(a)

leased to the debtor; or

(b)

sold to the debtor under a conditional sale agreement and an agreement to sell subject to retention of title, when the debtor obtains possession of the goods.

(7)

For the purposes of subsection (2) (c), a debtor does not have rights in-

(a)

crops until they become growing crops;

(b)

the young of animals until they are conceived;

(c)

minerals until they are extracted; or

(d)

trees until they are severed.

Section analysis Source-linked statutory analysis Source linked

Approved statute annotation. Statutory quotations are matched to this consolidation and judicial passages are linked to judgments. Check the primary sources alongside this analysis.

What this section does

Mandatory duty

This section imposes mandatory requirements concerning “Attachment of security interest”.

“(1) A security interest in the nature of a floating charge attaches to collateral when it becomes enforceable against a debtor.”

Primary legislation Source quotation matched

Practical effect

The provision uses mandatory language; the responsible person or institution should be able to demonstrate compliance.

Deterministic editorial synthesis — not a substitute for the statutory text Editorial synthesis approved

Elements or requirements

Operative requirements extracted from the consolidated text.

16

(1) A security interest in the nature of a floating charge attaches to collateral when it becomes enforceable against a debtor.
(2) A security interest in the nature of a floating charge does not attach unless-
(a) the parties agree to create the security interest;
(b) value is given by the secured party; and
(c) the debtor has rights in the collateral, except where the parties agree that it shall attach at a later time, in which case it attaches in accordance with the agreement of the parties.
(3) A floating charge shall not seek to cover the assets of the debtor generally, but shall relate only to assets that are either ascertainable, ascertained or form a portion of a divisible stock or collection of assets whether similar or diverse and can be segregated from and exist separately from the stock or collection.
(4) Where a person possessing property claims a security interest in the property in the absence of a security document, the burden of proving the existence of an agreement to create a security interest lies with the person claiming the security interest.
(5) For the purposes of subsection (1), an agreement to create a floating charge is not an agreement that the security interest created by the floating charge attaches at a later time.

8 further items remain in the statutory text above.

Judicial interpretation

Express propositions in source-matched passages from judgments citing this section.

1

Citing judgments are indexed, but no express interpretive proposition has yet passed the passage-verification threshold. Open Judicial treatment for the citing passages.

Related provisions

No express internal or cross-Act reference appears in this section.

Amendment notes

No section-specific amendment note or instrument-level amendment history appears in this consolidation.

Attachment of security interest in property after it is acquired

(1)

Subject to subsection (2), where an agreement provides for a security interest in property after it is acquired, the security interest attaches without specific appropriation by the debtor.

(2)

Where an agreement provides for a security interest in property after the property is acquired, the security interest does not attach to consumer goods, unless-

(a)

the security interest is a purchase money security interest;

(b)

the consumer good is an accession; or

(c)

the security interest is in collateral obtained by the debtor as a replacement for collateral which is the subject of the agreement.

Section analysis Source-linked statutory analysis Source linked

Approved statute annotation. Statutory quotations are matched to this consolidation and judicial passages are linked to judgments. Check the primary sources alongside this analysis.

What this section does

Governing rule

This section states the governing statutory rule for “Attachment of security interest in property after it is acquired”.

“(1) Subject to subsection (2), where an agreement provides for a security interest in property after it is acquired, the security interest attaches without specific appropriation by the debtor.”

Primary legislation Source quotation matched

Practical effect

Use this section as the starting statutory rule for “Attachment of security interest in property after it is acquired”, together with the linked provisions and current consolidation.

Deterministic editorial synthesis — not a substitute for the statutory text Editorial synthesis approved

Elements or requirements

Operative requirements extracted from the consolidated text.

5

(1) Subject to subsection (2), where an agreement provides for a security interest in property after it is acquired, the security interest attaches without specific appropriation by the debtor.
(2) Where an agreement provides for a security interest in property after the property is acquired, the security interest does not attach to consumer goods, unless-
(a) the security interest is a purchase money security interest;
(b) the consumer good is an accession; or
(c) the security interest is in collateral obtained by the debtor as a replacement for collateral which is the subject of the agreement.

Judicial interpretation

Express propositions in source-matched passages from judgments citing this section.

0

No judgment in the current Wakilii corpus expressly cites this section. Bare rule-number references are not assigned where the Order cannot be verified.

Related provisions

No express internal or cross-Act reference appears in this section.

Amendment notes

No section-specific amendment note or instrument-level amendment history appears in this consolidation.

Future advances

An agreement to create a security interest may provide for future advances

Section analysis Source-linked statutory analysis Source linked

Approved statute annotation. Statutory quotations are matched to this consolidation and judicial passages are linked to judgments. Check the primary sources alongside this analysis.

What this section does

Statutory power

This section confers or regulates the statutory power described as “Future advances”.

“An agreement to create a security interest may provide for future advances”

Primary legislation Source quotation matched

Practical effect

The power must be exercised by the authorised decision-maker, within the conditions and purpose stated in the section.

Deterministic editorial synthesis — not a substitute for the statutory text Editorial synthesis approved

Elements or requirements

Operative requirements extracted from the consolidated text.

1

An agreement to create a security interest may provide for future advances

Judicial interpretation

Express propositions in source-matched passages from judgments citing this section.

0

No judgment in the current Wakilii corpus expressly cites this section. Bare rule-number references are not assigned where the Order cannot be verified.

Related provisions

No express internal or cross-Act reference appears in this section.

Amendment notes

No section-specific amendment note or instrument-level amendment history appears in this consolidation.

Rights and duties where collateral is in possession of secured party

(1)

A secured party has a duty to use reasonable care to preserve collateral in his or her possession.

(2)

In the case of a negotiable instrument or chattel paper, reasonable care referred to in subsection (1) includes taking necessary steps to preserve rights against prior parties, unless otherwise agreed.

(3)

Unless otherwise agreed, where collateral is in the possession of the secured party-

(a)

reasonable expenses, including the cost of any insurance incurred in the custody, preservation, use or operation of the collateral are chargeable to the debtor and are secured by the collateral;

(b)

the risk of accidental loss or damage is on the debtor to the extent of any deficiency in any effective insurance cover;

(c)

the secured party may hold as additional security, any increase or profits, except money received from the collateral, but money so received, unless remitted to the debtor, must be applied in reduction of the secured obligation;

(d)

the secured party must keep the collateral identifiable, but fungible collateral may be mixed; and

(e)

the secured party may repledge the collateral upon terms which do not impair the debtor's right to redeem it.

(4)

A secured party is liable under section 96 for failure to discharge any obligation imposed by the preceding subsections but does not lose his or her security interest.

(5)

A secured party may use or operate the collateral for the purpose of preserving the collateral or its value or pursuant to a court order or, except in the case of consumer goods, in the manner and extent agreed.

(6)

Subsections (1), (2), (3), (4) and (5) apply whether or not possession arises from the default of the debtor.

Section analysis Source-linked statutory analysis Source linked

Approved statute annotation. Statutory quotations are matched to this consolidation and judicial passages are linked to judgments. Check the primary sources alongside this analysis.

What this section does

Definition

This section supplies the definitions or statutory meaning governing “Rights and duties where collateral is in possession of secured party”.

“(1) A secured party has a duty to use reasonable care to preserve collateral in his or her possession.”

Primary legislation Source quotation matched

Practical effect

Use this definition when interpreting other provisions that employ the language addressed by “Rights and duties where collateral is in possession of secured party”.

Deterministic editorial synthesis — not a substitute for the statutory text Editorial synthesis approved

Elements or requirements

Operative requirements extracted from the consolidated text.

11

(1) A secured party has a duty to use reasonable care to preserve collateral in his or her possession.
(2) In the case of a negotiable instrument or chattel paper, reasonable care referred to in subsection (1) includes taking necessary steps to preserve rights against prior parties, unless otherwise agreed.
(3) Unless otherwise agreed, where collateral is in the possession of the secured party-
(a) reasonable expenses, including the cost of any insurance incurred in the custody, preservation, use or operation of the collateral are chargeable to the debtor and are secured by the collateral;
(b) the risk of accidental loss or damage is on the debtor to the extent of any deficiency in any effective insurance cover;
(c) the secured party may hold as additional security, any increase or profits, except money received from the collateral, but money so received, unless remitted to the debtor, must be applied in reduction of the secured obligation;
(d) the secured party must keep the collateral identifiable, but fungible collateral may be mixed; and
(e) the secured party may repledge the collateral upon terms which do not impair the debtor's right to redeem it.

3 further items remain in the statutory text above.

Judicial interpretation

Express propositions in source-matched passages from judgments citing this section.

0

No judgment in the current Wakilii corpus expressly cites this section. Bare rule-number references are not assigned where the Order cannot be verified.

Related provisions

Section 96 · 63. Collateral in registered financing statement

Amendment notes

No section-specific amendment note or instrument-level amendment history appears in this consolidation.

Secured party to supply information

(1)

A debtor, a judgment creditor, a person with a security interest in the personal property of the debtor, or an authorised agent of any of these, may send to the secured party a request that the secured party approves or corrects and returns to the debtor an accompanying signed statement, which-

(a)

specifies the aggregate amount of unpaid indebtedness, at a specified date; or

(b)

where the collateral is identified, lists the collateral.

(2)

The secured party shall, not later than ten working days after the day on which the request is received and any required fee is paid under subsection (4), whichever is the later-

(a)

subject to subsection (3), comply with the request by sending written confirmation or correction; and

(b)

where the secured party no longer has an interest in the obligation or collateral at the time the request is received, send to the debtor a statement specifying the name and address of any successor in interest, known to him or her.

(3)

Where the secured party claims a security interest in the whole of a particular type of collateral owned by the debtor, the secured party may indicate that fact in the written reply and need not approve or correct list of the collateral.

(4)

A secured party may require payment of a fee of a prescribed amount before complying with any demand under subsection (2), but the debtor is entitled to a reply without charge, at least once every six months.

(5)

Where the secured party fails to comply with subsection (2), the court taking account of a reasonable excuse of the secured party, may make an order-

(a)

requiring the secured party to comply;

(b)

extending the time for compliance;

(c)

requiring the secured party to pay the legal costs of the person making the request calculated on an advocate and client basis; or

(d)

requiring any person to take any other steps it considers necessary to ensure compliance.

(6)

Where, without reasonable excuse, the secured party fails to comply with any order made under subsection (5), the court may order that the security interest of the secured party in respect of which the request was made is to be treated as unperfected or extinguished and that any related registration be discharged.

(7)

Where a secured party, without reasonable excuse, fails to comply with subsection (2) or with a court order made under subsection (5), the secured party is liable under section 96 for any loss or damage suffered by reliance on false information supplied by the secured party.

(8)

Where a person properly includes in his or her request, a statement made in good faith, of the obligation or a list of collateral, a secured party may claim against the person a security interest in the statement, if the statement appears to be misleading.

(9)

A person who sends a statement to the secured party under subsection (1) is estopped from denying the accuracy of the contents of the statement.

(10)

For the purposes of this section, secured party includes a person who was a secured party at any time within the preceding twelve months.

Section analysis Source-linked statutory analysis Source linked

Approved statute annotation. Statutory quotations are matched to this consolidation and judicial passages are linked to judgments. Check the primary sources alongside this analysis.

What this section does

Definition

This section supplies the definitions or statutory meaning governing “Secured party to supply information”.

“(1) A debtor, a judgment creditor, a person with a security interest in the personal property of the debtor, or an authorised agent of any of these, may send to the secured party a request that the secured party approves or corrects and returns to the debtor an accompanying signed statement, which-”

Primary legislation Source quotation matched

Practical effect

Use this definition when interpreting other provisions that employ the language addressed by “Secured party to supply information”.

Deterministic editorial synthesis — not a substitute for the statutory text Editorial synthesis approved

Elements or requirements

Operative requirements extracted from the consolidated text.

18

(1) A debtor, a judgment creditor, a person with a security interest in the personal property of the debtor, or an authorised agent of any of these, may send to the secured party a request that the secured party approves or corrects and returns to the debtor an accompanying signed statement, which-
(a) specifies the aggregate amount of unpaid indebtedness, at a specified date; or
(b) where the collateral is identified, lists the collateral.
(2) The secured party shall, not later than ten working days after the day on which the request is received and any required fee is paid under subsection (4), whichever is the later-
(a) subject to subsection (3), comply with the request by sending written confirmation or correction; and
(b) where the secured party no longer has an interest in the obligation or collateral at the time the request is received, send to the debtor a statement specifying the name and address of any successor in interest, known to him or her.
(3) Where the secured party claims a security interest in the whole of a particular type of collateral owned by the debtor, the secured party may indicate that fact in the written reply and need not approve or correct list of the collateral.
(4) A secured party may require payment of a fee of a prescribed amount before complying with any demand under subsection (2), but the debtor is entitled to a reply without charge, at least once every six months.

10 further items remain in the statutory text above.

Judicial interpretation

Express propositions in source-matched passages from judgments citing this section.

0

No judgment in the current Wakilii corpus expressly cites this section. Bare rule-number references are not assigned where the Order cannot be verified.

Related provisions

Section 96 · 63. Collateral in registered financing statement

Amendment notes

No section-specific amendment note or instrument-level amendment history appears in this consolidation.

Requirements for enforcement against third parties

(1)

A security interest may be enforced against a third party, including a purchaser of the collateral, a creditor, a judgment creditor and a landlord distraining for rent, a trustee in bankruptcy, liquidator, receiver or administrator where-

(a)

the debtor signs a security document that contains an identifying description of the collateral, which on its true construction indicates that the purpose of the agreement was the creation of a security over the collateral, except where the collateral is in the possession of the secured party, or in the possession of another person on behalf of the secured party, and

(b)

the security interest is perfected.

(2)

A security document referred to in subsection (1) may be in a form prescribed in regulations made under this Act.

Section analysis Source-linked statutory analysis Source linked

Approved statute annotation. Statutory quotations are matched to this consolidation and judicial passages are linked to judgments. Check the primary sources alongside this analysis.

What this section does

Statutory power

This section confers or regulates the statutory power described as “Requirements for enforcement against third parties”.

“(1) A security interest may be enforced against a third party, including a purchaser of the collateral, a creditor, a judgment creditor and a landlord distraining for rent, a trustee in bankruptcy, liquidator, receiver or administrator where-”

Primary legislation Source quotation matched

Practical effect

The power must be exercised by the authorised decision-maker, within the conditions and purpose stated in the section.

Deterministic editorial synthesis — not a substitute for the statutory text Editorial synthesis approved

Elements or requirements

Operative requirements extracted from the consolidated text.

4

(1) A security interest may be enforced against a third party, including a purchaser of the collateral, a creditor, a judgment creditor and a landlord distraining for rent, a trustee in bankruptcy, liquidator, receiver or administrator where-
(a) the debtor signs a security document that contains an identifying description of the collateral, which on its true construction indicates that the purpose of the agreement was the creation of a security over the collateral, except where the collateral is in the possession of the secured party, or in the possession of another person on behalf of the secured party, and
(b) the security interest is perfected.
(2) A security document referred to in subsection (1) may be in a form prescribed in regulations made under this Act.

Judicial interpretation

Express propositions in source-matched passages from judgments citing this section.

0

No judgment in the current Wakilii corpus expressly cites this section. Bare rule-number references are not assigned where the Order cannot be verified.

Related provisions

No express internal or cross-Act reference appears in this section.

Amendment notes

No section-specific amendment note or instrument-level amendment history appears in this consolidation.

Perfection of security interest

A security interest is perfected where (a) it is attached; and

(b)

all steps required for perfection under this Act are completed regardless of the order in which the attachment and steps occur.

Section analysis Source-linked statutory analysis Source linked

Approved statute annotation. Statutory quotations are matched to this consolidation and judicial passages are linked to judgments. Check the primary sources alongside this analysis.

What this section does

Governing rule

This section states the governing statutory rule for “Perfection of security interest”.

“A security interest is perfected where (a) it is attached; and”

Primary legislation Source quotation matched

Practical effect

Use this section as the starting statutory rule for “Perfection of security interest”, together with the linked provisions and current consolidation.

Deterministic editorial synthesis — not a substitute for the statutory text Editorial synthesis approved

Elements or requirements

Operative requirements extracted from the consolidated text.

1

(b) all steps required for perfection under this Act are completed regardless of the order in which the attachment and steps occur.

Judicial interpretation

Express propositions in source-matched passages from judgments citing this section.

0

No judgment in the current Wakilii corpus expressly cites this section. Bare rule-number references are not assigned where the Order cannot be verified.

Related provisions

No express internal or cross-Act reference appears in this section.

Amendment notes

No section-specific amendment note or instrument-level amendment history appears in this consolidation.

Perfection by registration

Subject to section 17 , a financing statement shall be registered to perfect all security interests, except (a) a security interest in collateral in possession of a secured party under section 19 ;

(b)

a security interest temporarily perfected for a period of ten days under section 20 ;

(c)

a security interest in proceeds for a period of ten days under section 21 ;

(d)

a security interest registered under the Chattels Transfer Act; and

(e)

a security interest in consumer goods which are not vehicles, aircraft or vessels.

Section analysis Source-linked statutory analysis Source linked

Approved statute annotation. Statutory quotations are matched to this consolidation and judicial passages are linked to judgments. Check the primary sources alongside this analysis.

What this section does

Mandatory duty

This section imposes mandatory requirements concerning “Perfection by registration”.

“Subject to section 17, a financing statement shall be registered to perfect all security interests, except (a) a security interest in collateral in possession of a secured party under section 19;”

Primary legislation Source quotation matched

Practical effect

The provision uses mandatory language; the responsible person or institution should be able to demonstrate compliance.

Deterministic editorial synthesis — not a substitute for the statutory text Editorial synthesis approved

Elements or requirements

Operative requirements extracted from the consolidated text.

4

(b) a security interest temporarily perfected for a period of ten days under section 20;
(c) a security interest in proceeds for a period of ten days under section 21;
(d) a security interest registered under the Chattels Transfer Act; and
(e) a security interest in consumer goods which are not vehicles, aircraft or vessels.

Judicial interpretation

Express propositions in source-matched passages from judgments citing this section.

0

No judgment in the current Wakilii corpus expressly cites this section. Bare rule-number references are not assigned where the Order cannot be verified.

Related provisions

Section 17 · Perfection of security interest Section 19 · Perfection by possession of collateral Section 20 · Temporary perfection where collateral is delivered or is available to debtor Section 21 · Security interest in proceeds

Amendment notes

No section-specific amendment note or instrument-level amendment history appears in this consolidation.

Perfection by possession of collateral

(1)

Subject to section 17 , possession of collateral by a secured party or on behalf of the secured party, perfects a security interest in-

(a)

chattel paper;

(b)

goods;

(c)

money;

(d)

a negotiable document of title;

(e)

a negotiable instrument; or

(f)

a security, but only while it is actually held as collateral.

(2)

Subject to sections 20 and 21 , a security interest in money or a negotiable instrument, other than a certified security or a negotiable instrument which constitutes part of a chattel paper is perfected only by possession under subsection (1).

(3)

Where a collateral is an uncertificated security, a secured party is deemed to take possession of the security when a transfer of the security to the secured party is registered.

(4)

Where a collateral, other than goods covered by a negotiable document of title, is held by a bailee, the secured party is taken to have possession from the time the bailee receives notification of the interest of the secured party.

Section analysis Source-linked statutory analysis Source linked

Approved statute annotation. Statutory quotations are matched to this consolidation and judicial passages are linked to judgments. Check the primary sources alongside this analysis.

What this section does

Governing rule

This section states the governing statutory rule for “Perfection by possession of collateral”.

“(1) Subject to section 17, possession of collateral by a secured party or on behalf of the secured party, perfects a security interest in-”

Primary legislation Source quotation matched

Practical effect

Use this section as the starting statutory rule for “Perfection by possession of collateral”, together with the linked provisions and current consolidation.

Deterministic editorial synthesis — not a substitute for the statutory text Editorial synthesis approved

Elements or requirements

Operative requirements extracted from the consolidated text.

10

(1) Subject to section 17, possession of collateral by a secured party or on behalf of the secured party, perfects a security interest in-
(a) chattel paper;
(b) goods;
(c) money;
(d) a negotiable document of title;
(e) a negotiable instrument; or
(f) a security, but only while it is actually held as collateral.
(2) Subject to sections 20 and 21, a security interest in money or a negotiable instrument, other than a certified security or a negotiable instrument which constitutes part of a chattel paper is perfected only by possession under subsection (1).

2 further items remain in the statutory text above.

Judicial interpretation

Express propositions in source-matched passages from judgments citing this section.

0

No judgment in the current Wakilii corpus expressly cites this section. Bare rule-number references are not assigned where the Order cannot be verified.

Related provisions

Section 17 · Perfection of security interest Section 20 · Temporary perfection where collateral is delivered or is available to debtor Section 21 · Security interest in proceeds

Amendment notes

No section-specific amendment note or instrument-level amendment history appears in this consolidation.

Temporary perfection where collateral is delivered or is available to debtor

(1)

Subject to section 17 , a perfected security interest in a negotiable instrument or a security remains temporarily perfected for the first ten days after the day on which the secured party delivers the collateral to the debtor for the purpose of-

(a)

sale or exchange;

(b)

presentation, collection or renewal; or

(c)

registration of a transfer.

(2)

A perfected security interest in a negotiable document of title or in goods held by a bailee and not covered by a negotiable document of title remains temporarily perfected for the first ten days after the day on which the secured party makes the collateral available to the debtor for the purpose of-

(a)

sale or exchange;

(b)

loading, unloading, storing, shipping or trans-shipping; or

(c)

manufacturing, processing, packaging or dealing with the goods in preparation for their sale or exchange.

(3)

Where a security interest temporarily perfected under subsection (1) or (2) is not perfected by another method before the expiration of the period referred to in those subsections-

(a)

it becomes unperfected at the expiration of that period; and

(b)

the provisions of this Act relating to the perfection of a security interest apply to it as if the security interest had not been temporarily perfected under this section.

Section analysis Source-linked statutory analysis Source linked

Approved statute annotation. Statutory quotations are matched to this consolidation and judicial passages are linked to judgments. Check the primary sources alongside this analysis.

What this section does

Governing rule

This section states the governing statutory rule for “Temporary perfection where collateral is delivered or is available to debtor”.

“(1) Subject to section 17, a perfected security interest in a negotiable instrument or a security remains temporarily perfected for the first ten days after the day on which the secured party delivers the collateral to the debtor for the purpose of-”

Primary legislation Source quotation matched

Practical effect

Use this section as the starting statutory rule for “Temporary perfection where collateral is delivered or is available to debtor”, together with the linked provisions and current consolidation.

Deterministic editorial synthesis — not a substitute for the statutory text Editorial synthesis approved

Elements or requirements

Operative requirements extracted from the consolidated text.

11

(1) Subject to section 17, a perfected security interest in a negotiable instrument or a security remains temporarily perfected for the first ten days after the day on which the secured party delivers the collateral to the debtor for the purpose of-
(a) sale or exchange;
(b) presentation, collection or renewal; or
(c) registration of a transfer.
(2) A perfected security interest in a negotiable document of title or in goods held by a bailee and not covered by a negotiable document of title remains temporarily perfected for the first ten days after the day on which the secured party makes the collateral available to the debtor for the purpose of-
(a) sale or exchange;
(b) loading, unloading, storing, shipping or trans-shipping; or
(c) manufacturing, processing, packaging or dealing with the goods in preparation for their sale or exchange.

3 further items remain in the statutory text above.

Judicial interpretation

Express propositions in source-matched passages from judgments citing this section.

0

No judgment in the current Wakilii corpus expressly cites this section. Bare rule-number references are not assigned where the Order cannot be verified.

Related provisions

Section 17 · Perfection of security interest

Amendment notes

No section-specific amendment note or instrument-level amendment history appears in this consolidation.

Security interest in proceeds

(1)

Subject to subsection (2), where collateral is dealt with to give rise to proceeds, the security interest -

(a)

continues in the collateral, unless the secured party expressly or impliedly authorises the dealing; and

(b)

extends to the proceeds.

(2)

Where the secured party enforces the security interest in both the collateral and the proceeds, the amount secured is limited to the market value of the collateral at the date of the dealing.

(3)

A security interest in proceeds is continuously perfected for the purposes of this Act where the security interest in the original collateral is perfected by the registration of a financing statement which contains-

(a)

a description of proceeds, if that description would be sufficient to perfect a security interest in an original collateral of the same kind; or

(b)

a description of the original collateral, if-

(i)

the proceeds are of a kind that are within that description; or

(ii)

the proceeds are cash proceeds.

(4)

Where the security interest in the original collateral was perfected by a method other than the method referred to in subsection (3), the security interest in the proceeds is continuously perfected for the purposes of this Act for the first ten working days after the day on which the security interest attached to the proceeds, but-

(a)

becomes unperfected at the expiration of that period; and

(b)

the provisions of this Act relating to the perfection of a security interest apply to it as if the security interest had not been perfected under this subsection.

Section analysis Source-linked statutory analysis Source linked

Approved statute annotation. Statutory quotations are matched to this consolidation and judicial passages are linked to judgments. Check the primary sources alongside this analysis.

What this section does

Governing rule

This section states the governing statutory rule for “Security interest in proceeds”.

“(1) Subject to subsection (2), where collateral is dealt with to give rise to proceeds, the security interest -”

Primary legislation Source quotation matched

Practical effect

Use this section as the starting statutory rule for “Security interest in proceeds”, together with the linked provisions and current consolidation.

Deterministic editorial synthesis — not a substitute for the statutory text Editorial synthesis approved

Elements or requirements

Operative requirements extracted from the consolidated text.

12

(1) Subject to subsection (2), where collateral is dealt with to give rise to proceeds, the security interest -
(a) continues in the collateral, unless the secured party expressly or impliedly authorises the dealing; and
(b) extends to the proceeds.
(2) Where the secured party enforces the security interest in both the collateral and the proceeds, the amount secured is limited to the market value of the collateral at the date of the dealing.
(3) A security interest in proceeds is continuously perfected for the purposes of this Act where the security interest in the original collateral is perfected by the registration of a financing statement which contains-
(a) a description of proceeds, if that description would be sufficient to perfect a security interest in an original collateral of the same kind; or
(b) a description of the original collateral, if-
(i) the proceeds are of a kind that are within that description; or

4 further items remain in the statutory text above.

Judicial interpretation

Express propositions in source-matched passages from judgments citing this section.

0

No judgment in the current Wakilii corpus expressly cites this section. Bare rule-number references are not assigned where the Order cannot be verified.

Related provisions

No express internal or cross-Act reference appears in this section.

Amendment notes

No section-specific amendment note or instrument-level amendment history appears in this consolidation.

Continuity of perfection

(1)

A security interest originally perfected under this Act by one method and later perfected by another method, without an intermediate period during which it is unperfected, is deemed to be continuously perfected for the purposes of this Act.

(2)

Where the secured party is a transferee, the security interest has the same priority as it has at the time of the transfer.

Section analysis Source-linked statutory analysis Source linked

Approved statute annotation. Statutory quotations are matched to this consolidation and judicial passages are linked to judgments. Check the primary sources alongside this analysis.

What this section does

Governing rule

This section states the governing statutory rule for “Continuity of perfection”.

“(1) A security interest originally perfected under this Act by one method and later perfected by another method, without an intermediate period during which it is unperfected, is deemed to be continuously perfected for the purposes of this Act.”

Primary legislation Source quotation matched

Practical effect

Use this section as the starting statutory rule for “Continuity of perfection”, together with the linked provisions and current consolidation.

Deterministic editorial synthesis — not a substitute for the statutory text Editorial synthesis approved

Elements or requirements

Operative requirements extracted from the consolidated text.

2

(1) A security interest originally perfected under this Act by one method and later perfected by another method, without an intermediate period during which it is unperfected, is deemed to be continuously perfected for the purposes of this Act.
(2) Where the secured party is a transferee, the security interest has the same priority as it has at the time of the transfer.

Judicial interpretation

Express propositions in source-matched passages from judgments citing this section.

0

No judgment in the current Wakilii corpus expressly cites this section. Bare rule-number references are not assigned where the Order cannot be verified.

Related provisions

No express internal or cross-Act reference appears in this section.

Amendment notes

No section-specific amendment note or instrument-level amendment history appears in this consolidation.

Protection of purchasers of goods

(1)

A purchaser of goods sold in the ordinary course of business of the seller, takes the goods free of a perfected security interest created by the seller, even if the purchaser is aware of the existence of the perfected security interest.

(2)

A purchaser of consumer goods takes the goods free of a perfected security interest, if the purchaser -

(a)

gives new value for the interest acquired; and

(b)

buys the goods without knowledge of the existence of a security interest, unless-

(i)

the purchaser buys motor vehicles in the ordinary course of his or her business; and

(ii)

the consumer good is a motor vehicle.

(3)

A purchaser of goods sold other than in the ordinary course of business of the seller, takes the goods free of a security interest to the extent that it secures future advances made-

(a)

after the secured party acquires knowledge of the sale; or

(b)

more than twenty working days after the sale, whichever occurs first, unless the security interest was made under a commitment entered into without the knowledge of the purchaser and before the expiration of the twenty working day period.

(4)

For the purposes of this section-

(a)

a purchaser of goods includes a person who acquires possession of goods by sale, hire- purchase, under a contract for services or materials, barter, or under a lease;

(b)

a seller or purchaser sells or buys goods in the ordinary course of business if it is the business of the seller or purchaser to sell or buy goods of that kind or nature.

Section analysis Source-linked statutory analysis Source linked

Approved statute annotation. Statutory quotations are matched to this consolidation and judicial passages are linked to judgments. Check the primary sources alongside this analysis.

What this section does

Definition

This section supplies the definitions or statutory meaning governing “Protection of purchasers of goods”.

“(1) A purchaser of goods sold in the ordinary course of business of the seller, takes the goods free of a perfected security interest created by the seller, even if the purchaser is aware of the existence of the perfected security interest.”

Primary legislation Source quotation matched

Practical effect

Use this definition when interpreting other provisions that employ the language addressed by “Protection of purchasers of goods”.

Deterministic editorial synthesis — not a substitute for the statutory text Editorial synthesis approved

Elements or requirements

Operative requirements extracted from the consolidated text.

12

(1) A purchaser of goods sold in the ordinary course of business of the seller, takes the goods free of a perfected security interest created by the seller, even if the purchaser is aware of the existence of the perfected security interest.
(2) A purchaser of consumer goods takes the goods free of a perfected security interest, if the purchaser -
(a) gives new value for the interest acquired; and
(b) buys the goods without knowledge of the existence of a security interest, unless-
(i) the purchaser buys motor vehicles in the ordinary course of his or her business; and
(ii) the consumer good is a motor vehicle.
(3) A purchaser of goods sold other than in the ordinary course of business of the seller, takes the goods free of a security interest to the extent that it secures future advances made-
(a) after the secured party acquires knowledge of the sale; or

4 further items remain in the statutory text above.

Judicial interpretation

Express propositions in source-matched passages from judgments citing this section.

0

No judgment in the current Wakilii corpus expressly cites this section. Bare rule-number references are not assigned where the Order cannot be verified.

Related provisions

No express internal or cross-Act reference appears in this section.

Amendment notes

No section-specific amendment note or instrument-level amendment history appears in this consolidation.

Protection of purchasers of chattel paper, negotiable instruments, documents of title and securities

(1)

A purchaser of a chattel paper or negotiable instrument who gives new value and takes possession of the chattel paper or negotiable instrument in the ordinary course of business, has priority over a perfected security interest in the chattel paper or negotiable instrument if the purchaser does not know of the security interest at the time of taking possession.

(2)

Nothing in this Act limits the right of-

(a)

a holder in due course, of a negotiable instrument;

(b)

a holder to whom a negotiable document of title is duly negotiated; or

(c)

a purchaser in good faith of a security, to take priority over an earlier perfected security interest.

Section analysis Source-linked statutory analysis Source linked

Approved statute annotation. Statutory quotations are matched to this consolidation and judicial passages are linked to judgments. Check the primary sources alongside this analysis.

What this section does

Statutory right

This section creates or regulates the entitlement described as “Protection of purchasers of chattel paper, negotiable instruments, documents of title and securities”.

“(1) A purchaser of a chattel paper or negotiable instrument who gives new value and takes possession of the chattel paper or negotiable instrument in the ordinary course of business, has priority over a perfected security interest in the chattel paper or negotiable instrument if the purchaser does not know of the security interest at the time of taking possession.”

Primary legislation Source quotation matched

Practical effect

A person relying on the entitlement should identify the statutory conditions and the person or institution against whom it operates.

Deterministic editorial synthesis — not a substitute for the statutory text Editorial synthesis approved

Elements or requirements

Operative requirements extracted from the consolidated text.

5

(1) A purchaser of a chattel paper or negotiable instrument who gives new value and takes possession of the chattel paper or negotiable instrument in the ordinary course of business, has priority over a perfected security interest in the chattel paper or negotiable instrument if the purchaser does not know of the security interest at the time of taking possession.
(2) Nothing in this Act limits the right of-
(a) a holder in due course, of a negotiable instrument;
(b) a holder to whom a negotiable document of title is duly negotiated; or
(c) a purchaser in good faith of a security, to take priority over an earlier perfected security interest.

Judicial interpretation

Express propositions in source-matched passages from judgments citing this section.

0

No judgment in the current Wakilii corpus expressly cites this section. Bare rule-number references are not assigned where the Order cannot be verified.

Related provisions

No express internal or cross-Act reference appears in this section.

Amendment notes

No section-specific amendment note or instrument-level amendment history appears in this consolidation.

Priorities among conflicting security interests in same collateral

(1)

Subject to this Act, priority among security interests in the same collateral is determined according to the following conditions-

(a)

priority among perfected security interests is determined by the order of-

(i)

registration;

(ii)

possession; and

(iii)

temporary perfection under section 20 , whichever first occurs in relation to a particular security interest;

(b)

a perfected security interest has priority over an unperfected security interest;

(c)

priority among unperfected security interests is determined by the order of attachment of the security interests.

(2)

For the purposes of subsection (1)-

(a)

a continuously perfected security interest remains perfected by the method by which it was originally perfected;

(b)

subject to section 21 , the time of registration, possession or perfection of a security interest in original collateral is also the time of registration, possession or perfection of the security interest in its proceeds; and

(c)

a security interest has the same priority in respect of all advances, including future advances.

Section analysis Source-linked statutory analysis Source linked

Approved statute annotation. Statutory quotations are matched to this consolidation and judicial passages are linked to judgments. Check the primary sources alongside this analysis.

What this section does

Governing rule

This section states the governing statutory rule for “Priorities among conflicting security interests in same collateral”.

“(1) Subject to this Act, priority among security interests in the same collateral is determined according to the following conditions-”

Primary legislation Source quotation matched

Practical effect

Use this section as the starting statutory rule for “Priorities among conflicting security interests in same collateral”, together with the linked provisions and current consolidation.

Deterministic editorial synthesis — not a substitute for the statutory text Editorial synthesis approved

Elements or requirements

Operative requirements extracted from the consolidated text.

11

(1) Subject to this Act, priority among security interests in the same collateral is determined according to the following conditions-
(a) priority among perfected security interests is determined by the order of-
(i) registration;
(ii) possession; and
(iii) temporary perfection under section 20, whichever first occurs in relation to a particular security interest;
(b) a perfected security interest has priority over an unperfected security interest;
(c) priority among unperfected security interests is determined by the order of attachment of the security interests.
(2) For the purposes of subsection (1)-

3 further items remain in the statutory text above.

Judicial interpretation

Express propositions in source-matched passages from judgments citing this section.

0

No judgment in the current Wakilii corpus expressly cites this section. Bare rule-number references are not assigned where the Order cannot be verified.

Related provisions

Section 20 · Temporary perfection where collateral is delivered or is available to debtor Section 21 · Security interest in proceeds

Amendment notes

No section-specific amendment note or instrument-level amendment history appears in this consolidation.

Priority of purchase money security interests

A purchase money security interest in collateral has priority over any other security interest in the same collateral or its proceeds where (a) the purchase money security interest is perfected at the time the debtor receives possession of the collateral; or

(b)

the purchase money security interest is perfected not later than ten working days after the time the debtor receives possession of the collateral.

Section analysis Source-linked statutory analysis Source linked

Approved statute annotation. Statutory quotations are matched to this consolidation and judicial passages are linked to judgments. Check the primary sources alongside this analysis.

What this section does

Governing rule

This section states the governing statutory rule for “Priority of purchase money security interests”.

“A purchase money security interest in collateral has priority over any other security interest in the same collateral or its proceeds where (a) the purchase money security interest is perfected at the time the debtor receives possession of the collateral; or”

Primary legislation Source quotation matched

Practical effect

Use this section as the starting statutory rule for “Priority of purchase money security interests”, together with the linked provisions and current consolidation.

Deterministic editorial synthesis — not a substitute for the statutory text Editorial synthesis approved

Elements or requirements

Operative requirements extracted from the consolidated text.

1

(b) the purchase money security interest is perfected not later than ten working days after the time the debtor receives possession of the collateral.

Judicial interpretation

Express propositions in source-matched passages from judgments citing this section.

0

No judgment in the current Wakilii corpus expressly cites this section. Bare rule-number references are not assigned where the Order cannot be verified.

Related provisions

No express internal or cross-Act reference appears in this section.

Amendment notes

No section-specific amendment note or instrument-level amendment history appears in this consolidation.

Priority where registration ceases to be effective

(1)

Except as provided in subsection (2), the fact that the registration perfecting a security interest ceases to be effective as a result of-

(a)

failure to renew the registration of a financing statement;

(b)

the discharge of the registration without authorisation; or

(c)

an error, does not affect the priority of a security interest if the secured party registers a financing statement in respect of the security interest not later than ten working days after the day on which the registration ceases to be effective or is discharged.

(2)

A competing perfected security interest has priority over a security interest in respect of which a financing statement is registered under subsection (1) to the extent that the competing security interest secures advances made or contracted for-

(a)

after the registration of the security interest ceases to be effective or is discharged; or

(b)

before the registration of the financing statement.

Section analysis Source-linked statutory analysis Source linked

Approved statute annotation. Statutory quotations are matched to this consolidation and judicial passages are linked to judgments. Check the primary sources alongside this analysis.

What this section does

Governing rule

This section states the governing statutory rule for “Priority where registration ceases to be effective”.

“(1) Except as provided in subsection (2), the fact that the registration perfecting a security interest ceases to be effective as a result of-”

Primary legislation Source quotation matched

Practical effect

Use this section as the starting statutory rule for “Priority where registration ceases to be effective”, together with the linked provisions and current consolidation.

Deterministic editorial synthesis — not a substitute for the statutory text Editorial synthesis approved

Elements or requirements

Operative requirements extracted from the consolidated text.

7

(1) Except as provided in subsection (2), the fact that the registration perfecting a security interest ceases to be effective as a result of-
(a) failure to renew the registration of a financing statement;
(b) the discharge of the registration without authorisation; or
(c) an error, does not affect the priority of a security interest if the secured party registers a financing statement in respect of the security interest not later than ten working days after the day on which the registration ceases to be effective or is discharged.
(2) A competing perfected security interest has priority over a security interest in respect of which a financing statement is registered under subsection (1) to the extent that the competing security interest secures advances made or contracted for-
(a) after the registration of the security interest ceases to be effective or is discharged; or
(b) before the registration of the financing statement.

Judicial interpretation

Express propositions in source-matched passages from judgments citing this section.

0

No judgment in the current Wakilii corpus expressly cites this section. Bare rule-number references are not assigned where the Order cannot be verified.

Related provisions

No express internal or cross-Act reference appears in this section.

Amendment notes

No section-specific amendment note or instrument-level amendment history appears in this consolidation.

Priority of negotiable document of title

A perfected security interest in a negotiable document of title has priority over a security interest in the goods perfected by another method after the issue of the negotiable document of title

Section analysis Source-linked statutory analysis Source linked

Approved statute annotation. Statutory quotations are matched to this consolidation and judicial passages are linked to judgments. Check the primary sources alongside this analysis.

What this section does

Governing rule

This section states the governing statutory rule for “Priority of negotiable document of title”.

“A perfected security interest in a negotiable document of title has priority over a security interest in the goods perfected by another method after the issue of the negotiable document of title”

Primary legislation Source quotation matched

Practical effect

Use this section as the starting statutory rule for “Priority of negotiable document of title”, together with the linked provisions and current consolidation.

Deterministic editorial synthesis — not a substitute for the statutory text Editorial synthesis approved

Elements or requirements

Operative requirements extracted from the consolidated text.

0

This section states a single governing proposition and does not enumerate separate elements.

Judicial interpretation

Express propositions in source-matched passages from judgments citing this section.

0

No judgment in the current Wakilii corpus expressly cites this section. Bare rule-number references are not assigned where the Order cannot be verified.

Related provisions

No express internal or cross-Act reference appears in this section.

Amendment notes

No section-specific amendment note or instrument-level amendment history appears in this consolidation.

Priority of lien

A lien over goods with respect to which a person furnishes materials or services in the ordinary course of business has priority over a perfected security interest in the same goods unless the lien is given by an instrument which provides that the lien does not have priority

Section analysis Source-linked statutory analysis Source linked

Approved statute annotation. Statutory quotations are matched to this consolidation and judicial passages are linked to judgments. Check the primary sources alongside this analysis.

What this section does

Governing rule

This section states the governing statutory rule for “Priority of lien”.

“A lien over goods with respect to which a person furnishes materials or services in the ordinary course of business has priority over a perfected security interest in the same goods unless the lien is given by an instrument which provides that the lien does not have priority”

Primary legislation Source quotation matched

Practical effect

Use this section as the starting statutory rule for “Priority of lien”, together with the linked provisions and current consolidation.

Deterministic editorial synthesis — not a substitute for the statutory text Editorial synthesis approved

Elements or requirements

Operative requirements extracted from the consolidated text.

1

A lien over goods with respect to which a person furnishes materials or services in the ordinary course of business has priority over a perfected security interest in the same goods unless the lien is given by an instrument which provides that the lien does not have priority

Judicial interpretation

Express propositions in source-matched passages from judgments citing this section.

0

No judgment in the current Wakilii corpus expressly cites this section. Bare rule-number references are not assigned where the Order cannot be verified.

Related provisions

No express internal or cross-Act reference appears in this section.

Amendment notes

No section-specific amendment note or instrument-level amendment history appears in this consolidation.

Priority of security interests in fixtures

(1)

Goods such as partition walls of commercial office premises, to which a security interest has attached, remain goods for the purposes of this Act even if they are subsequently fixed to any land or building, and they may be removed by a secured party who becomes entitled to possession of them under a security agreement.

(2)

A secured party who has a right to remove any goods fixed to any land or building shall not remove them without first giving to the owner or a person for the time being in possession of the land or building, notice of not less than ten working days, of the intention to remove the goods.

(3)

A secured party who has a right to remove goods from any land or building shall exercise the right in a manner that-

(a)

does not cause greater damage or injury to the land or building or other property situated on the land, than is necessarily incidental to the removal of the goods; and

(b)

does not put the occupier of the land or building to greater inconvenience than is necessarily incidental to the removal of the goods.

Section analysis Source-linked statutory analysis Source linked

Approved statute annotation. Statutory quotations are matched to this consolidation and judicial passages are linked to judgments. Check the primary sources alongside this analysis.

What this section does

Statutory power

This section confers or regulates the statutory power described as “Priority of security interests in fixtures”.

“(1) Goods such as partition walls of commercial office premises, to which a security interest has attached, remain goods for the purposes of this Act even if they are subsequently fixed to any land or building, and they may be removed by a secured party who becomes entitled to possession of them under a security agreement.”

Primary legislation Source quotation matched

Practical effect

The power must be exercised by the authorised decision-maker, within the conditions and purpose stated in the section.

Deterministic editorial synthesis — not a substitute for the statutory text Editorial synthesis approved

Elements or requirements

Operative requirements extracted from the consolidated text.

5

(1) Goods such as partition walls of commercial office premises, to which a security interest has attached, remain goods for the purposes of this Act even if they are subsequently fixed to any land or building, and they may be removed by a secured party who becomes entitled to possession of them under a security agreement.
(2) A secured party who has a right to remove any goods fixed to any land or building shall not remove them without first giving to the owner or a person for the time being in possession of the land or building, notice of not less than ten working days, of the intention to remove the goods.
(3) A secured party who has a right to remove goods from any land or building shall exercise the right in a manner that-
(a) does not cause greater damage or injury to the land or building or other property situated on the land, than is necessarily incidental to the removal of the goods; and
(b) does not put the occupier of the land or building to greater inconvenience than is necessarily incidental to the removal of the goods.

Judicial interpretation

Express propositions in source-matched passages from judgments citing this section.

0

No judgment in the current Wakilii corpus expressly cites this section. Bare rule-number references are not assigned where the Order cannot be verified.

Related provisions

No express internal or cross-Act reference appears in this section.

Amendment notes

No section-specific amendment note or instrument-level amendment history appears in this consolidation.

Priority of security interests in crops

(1)

A perfected security interest in crops for new value given to enable a debtor produce the crops during the production season, given not more than three months before the crops become growing crops takes priority over an earlier perfected security interest.

(2)

Subsection (1) shall apply where the earlier perfected security interest secures obligations due more than six months before the crops become growing crops, even though the person giving new value had knowledge of the earlier security interest.

(3)

Notwithstanding the provisions of this Act, a security interest in crops is a secured interest in the crops not only while the crops are growing, but afterwards when cut or separated from the soil, and whether stacked or stored on the land where the crops were grown or on any other land or premises.

(4)

A security interest in crops does not prejudicially affect the rights of a lessor or mortgagee of any land on which the crops are growing, except where the lessor or mortgagee consents in writing to the creation of that security interest.

(5)

A perfected security interest in crops is not extinguished or prejudicially affected by a subsequent sale, lease, or mortgage, or encumbrance upon the land on which the crops are growing.

(6)

A security interest in crops does not give a security over crops that cannot in the ordinary course of farming be harvested within one year from the date of the agreement creating the security interest.

(7)

Subsections (1) and (4) of section 31 apply with all necessary modifications to the seizure and removal of growing crops from land.

Section analysis Source-linked statutory analysis Source linked

Approved statute annotation. Statutory quotations are matched to this consolidation and judicial passages are linked to judgments. Check the primary sources alongside this analysis.

What this section does

Mandatory duty

This section imposes mandatory requirements concerning “Priority of security interests in crops”.

“(1) A perfected security interest in crops for new value given to enable a debtor produce the crops during the production season, given not more than three months before the crops become growing crops takes priority over an earlier perfected security interest.”

Primary legislation Source quotation matched

Practical effect

The provision uses mandatory language; the responsible person or institution should be able to demonstrate compliance.

Deterministic editorial synthesis — not a substitute for the statutory text Editorial synthesis approved

Elements or requirements

Operative requirements extracted from the consolidated text.

7

(1) A perfected security interest in crops for new value given to enable a debtor produce the crops during the production season, given not more than three months before the crops become growing crops takes priority over an earlier perfected security interest.
(2) Subsection (1) shall apply where the earlier perfected security interest secures obligations due more than six months before the crops become growing crops, even though the person giving new value had knowledge of the earlier security interest.
(3) Notwithstanding the provisions of this Act, a security interest in crops is a secured interest in the crops not only while the crops are growing, but afterwards when cut or separated from the soil, and whether stacked or stored on the land where the crops were grown or on any other land or premises.
(4) A security interest in crops does not prejudicially affect the rights of a lessor or mortgagee of any land on which the crops are growing, except where the lessor or mortgagee consents in writing to the creation of that security interest.
(5) A perfected security interest in crops is not extinguished or prejudicially affected by a subsequent sale, lease, or mortgage, or encumbrance upon the land on which the crops are growing.
(6) A security interest in crops does not give a security over crops that cannot in the ordinary course of farming be harvested within one year from the date of the agreement creating the security interest.
(7) Subsections (1) and (4) of section 31 apply with all necessary modifications to the seizure and removal of growing crops from land.

Judicial interpretation

Express propositions in source-matched passages from judgments citing this section.

0

No judgment in the current Wakilii corpus expressly cites this section. Bare rule-number references are not assigned where the Order cannot be verified.

Related provisions

No express internal or cross-Act reference appears in this section.

Amendment notes

No section-specific amendment note or instrument-level amendment history appears in this consolidation.

Priority of security interests in accessions

(1)

Except as provided in this section, and subject to section 33 , a security interest in an accession has priority, as to the accession, over a claim of a person to the goods to which the accession attaches, for the purposes of other goods.

(2)

A security interest that attaches to goods after they become an accession is postponed in priority to the interests of a person with an interest in the other goods at the time the security interest attaches to the accession, who has not-

(a)

consented to the security interest in writing; or

(b)

disclaimed an interest in the accession in writing.

(3)

A security interest in an accession does not take priority over-

(a)

a subsequent purchaser for value of an interest in the goods;

(b)

an assignee for value of the interest of a person with an interest in the security interest at the time the goods become an accession; or

(c)

a person with an earlier perfected security interest in the goods who, without knowledge of the security interest and before its perfection-

(i)

makes an advance under the agreement creating the security interest, to the extent of the advance; or

(ii)

acquires a right to retain the whole in satisfaction of the obligation secured.

(4)

A secured party who has a right to remove an accession from the whole, shall exercise the right in a manner that-

(a)

does not causes greater damage or injury to the other goods than is necessarily incidental to the removal of the accession; and

(b)

does not put the person in possession of the whole, to greater inconvenience than is necessarily incidental to the removal of the accession.

(5)

A person, other than a debtor, who has an interest in the goods at the time the goods subject to the security interest become an accession, is entitled to compensation for damage caused to his or her interest in the goods during the removal of the accession.

(6)

Notwithstanding subsection (5), a person, other than a debtor, who has an interest in the goods at the time the goods subject to the security interest become an accession, is not entitled to compensation for diminution in the value of the goods caused by the absence of the accession or by the necessity of its replacement.

(7)

A person entitled to compensation under subsection (5) may refuse to remove the accession until the secured party gives adequate security for compensation.

Section analysis Source-linked statutory analysis Source linked

Approved statute annotation. Statutory quotations are matched to this consolidation and judicial passages are linked to judgments. Check the primary sources alongside this analysis.

What this section does

Statutory power

This section confers or regulates the statutory power described as “Priority of security interests in accessions”.

“(1) Except as provided in this section, and subject to section 33, a security interest in an accession has priority, as to the accession, over a claim of a person to the goods to which the accession attaches, for the purposes of other goods.”

Primary legislation Source quotation matched

Practical effect

The power must be exercised by the authorised decision-maker, within the conditions and purpose stated in the section.

Deterministic editorial synthesis — not a substitute for the statutory text Editorial synthesis approved

Elements or requirements

Operative requirements extracted from the consolidated text.

16

(1) Except as provided in this section, and subject to section 33, a security interest in an accession has priority, as to the accession, over a claim of a person to the goods to which the accession attaches, for the purposes of other goods.
(2) A security interest that attaches to goods after they become an accession is postponed in priority to the interests of a person with an interest in the other goods at the time the security interest attaches to the accession, who has not-
(a) consented to the security interest in writing; or
(b) disclaimed an interest in the accession in writing.
(3) A security interest in an accession does not take priority over-
(a) a subsequent purchaser for value of an interest in the goods;
(b) an assignee for value of the interest of a person with an interest in the security interest at the time the goods become an accession; or
(c) a person with an earlier perfected security interest in the goods who, without knowledge of the security interest and before its perfection-

8 further items remain in the statutory text above.

Judicial interpretation

Express propositions in source-matched passages from judgments citing this section.

0

No judgment in the current Wakilii corpus expressly cites this section. Bare rule-number references are not assigned where the Order cannot be verified.

Related provisions

Section 33 · Priority where goods are processed or mixed

Amendment notes

No section-specific amendment note or instrument-level amendment history appears in this consolidation.

Priority where goods are processed or mixed

(1)

A perfected security interest in goods that subsequently become part of a product or bulk, continues in the product or bulk where-

(a)

the goods are so manufactured, processed, assembled or mixed that their identity is lost in the product or bulk; or

(b)

a financing statement covering the original goods also covers the product into which the goods are manufactured, processed or assembled.

(2)

In a case to which subsection (1) (b) applies, separate security interest in part of the original goods which are manufactured, processed or assembled into the product shall not be claimed under section 32 .

(3)

Where more than one perfected security interest continue in the product under subsection (1), the security interests rank equally according to the ratio that the cost of the goods to which each interest originally attached bears to the cost of the final product.

Section analysis Source-linked statutory analysis Source linked

Approved statute annotation. Statutory quotations are matched to this consolidation and judicial passages are linked to judgments. Check the primary sources alongside this analysis.

What this section does

Mandatory duty

This section imposes mandatory requirements concerning “Priority where goods are processed or mixed”.

“(1) A perfected security interest in goods that subsequently become part of a product or bulk, continues in the product or bulk where-”

Primary legislation Source quotation matched

Practical effect

The provision uses mandatory language; the responsible person or institution should be able to demonstrate compliance.

Deterministic editorial synthesis — not a substitute for the statutory text Editorial synthesis approved

Elements or requirements

Operative requirements extracted from the consolidated text.

5

(1) A perfected security interest in goods that subsequently become part of a product or bulk, continues in the product or bulk where-
(a) the goods are so manufactured, processed, assembled or mixed that their identity is lost in the product or bulk; or
(b) a financing statement covering the original goods also covers the product into which the goods are manufactured, processed or assembled.
(2) In a case to which subsection (1) (b) applies, separate security interest in part of the original goods which are manufactured, processed or assembled into the product shall not be claimed under section 32.
(3) Where more than one perfected security interest continue in the product under subsection (1), the security interests rank equally according to the ratio that the cost of the goods to which each interest originally attached bears to the cost of the final product.

Judicial interpretation

Express propositions in source-matched passages from judgments citing this section.

0

No judgment in the current Wakilii corpus expressly cites this section. Bare rule-number references are not assigned where the Order cannot be verified.

Related provisions

Section 32 · Priority of security interests in accessions

Amendment notes

No section-specific amendment note or instrument-level amendment history appears in this consolidation.

Priority subject to postponement

(1)

A secured party may postpone the priority of his or her security interest to another interest.

(2)

A postponement of priority is effective between the parties according to its terms and may be enforced by a third party, if the third party is the person or one of the people for whose benefit the postponement is intended.

Section analysis Source-linked statutory analysis Source linked

Approved statute annotation. Statutory quotations are matched to this consolidation and judicial passages are linked to judgments. Check the primary sources alongside this analysis.

What this section does

Statutory power

This section confers or regulates the statutory power described as “Priority subject to postponement”.

“(1) A secured party may postpone the priority of his or her security interest to another interest.”

Primary legislation Source quotation matched

Practical effect

The power must be exercised by the authorised decision-maker, within the conditions and purpose stated in the section.

Deterministic editorial synthesis — not a substitute for the statutory text Editorial synthesis approved

Elements or requirements

Operative requirements extracted from the consolidated text.

2

(1) A secured party may postpone the priority of his or her security interest to another interest.
(2) A postponement of priority is effective between the parties according to its terms and may be enforced by a third party, if the third party is the person or one of the people for whose benefit the postponement is intended.

Judicial interpretation

Express propositions in source-matched passages from judgments citing this section.

0

No judgment in the current Wakilii corpus expressly cites this section. Bare rule-number references are not assigned where the Order cannot be verified.

Related provisions

No express internal or cross-Act reference appears in this section.

Amendment notes

No section-specific amendment note or instrument-level amendment history appears in this consolidation.

Designation of registrar

The Registrar General appointed under the Uganda Registration Services Bureau Act, Cap. 210 shall be the registrar of chattels securities under this Act

Section analysis Source-linked statutory analysis Source linked

Approved statute annotation. Statutory quotations are matched to this consolidation and judicial passages are linked to judgments. Check the primary sources alongside this analysis.

What this section does

Mandatory duty

This section imposes mandatory requirements concerning “Designation of registrar”.

“The Registrar General appointed under the Uganda Registration Services Bureau Act, Cap. 210 shall be the registrar of chattels securities under this Act”

Primary legislation Source quotation matched

Practical effect

The provision uses mandatory language; the responsible person or institution should be able to demonstrate compliance.

Deterministic editorial synthesis — not a substitute for the statutory text Editorial synthesis approved

Elements or requirements

Operative requirements extracted from the consolidated text.

1

The Registrar General appointed under the Uganda Registration Services Bureau Act, Cap. 210 shall be the registrar of chattels securities under this Act

Judicial interpretation

Express propositions in source-matched passages from judgments citing this section.

0

No judgment in the current Wakilii corpus expressly cites this section. Bare rule-number references are not assigned where the Order cannot be verified.

Related provisions

Uganda Registration Services Bureau Act

Amendment notes

No section-specific amendment note or instrument-level amendment history appears in this consolidation.

Registrar's official seal

The registrar shall have an official seal, the form, use and custody of which shall be prescribed by regulations

Section analysis Source-linked statutory analysis Source linked

Approved statute annotation. Statutory quotations are matched to this consolidation and judicial passages are linked to judgments. Check the primary sources alongside this analysis.

What this section does

Mandatory duty

This section imposes mandatory requirements concerning “Registrar's official seal”.

“The registrar shall have an official seal, the form, use and custody of which shall be prescribed by regulations”

Primary legislation Source quotation matched

Practical effect

The provision uses mandatory language; the responsible person or institution should be able to demonstrate compliance.

Deterministic editorial synthesis — not a substitute for the statutory text Editorial synthesis approved

Elements or requirements

Operative requirements extracted from the consolidated text.

1

The registrar shall have an official seal, the form, use and custody of which shall be prescribed by regulations

Judicial interpretation

Express propositions in source-matched passages from judgments citing this section.

0

No judgment in the current Wakilii corpus expressly cites this section. Bare rule-number references are not assigned where the Order cannot be verified.

Related provisions

No express internal or cross-Act reference appears in this section.

Amendment notes

No section-specific amendment note or instrument-level amendment history appears in this consolidation.

Register of chattels securities

(1)

The registrar shall establish and maintain a register of security interests in personal property to be known as the register of chattels securities.

(2)

The register shall clearly specify the nature of the security interest registered and details of the chatties over which the interest is created.

Section analysis Source-linked statutory analysis Source linked

Approved statute annotation. Statutory quotations are matched to this consolidation and judicial passages are linked to judgments. Check the primary sources alongside this analysis.

What this section does

Mandatory duty

This section imposes mandatory requirements concerning “Register of chattels securities”.

“(1) The registrar shall establish and maintain a register of security interests in personal property to be known as the register of chattels securities.”

Primary legislation Source quotation matched

Practical effect

The provision uses mandatory language; the responsible person or institution should be able to demonstrate compliance.

Deterministic editorial synthesis — not a substitute for the statutory text Editorial synthesis approved

Elements or requirements

Operative requirements extracted from the consolidated text.

2

(1) The registrar shall establish and maintain a register of security interests in personal property to be known as the register of chattels securities.
(2) The register shall clearly specify the nature of the security interest registered and details of the chatties over which the interest is created.

Judicial interpretation

Express propositions in source-matched passages from judgments citing this section.

0

No judgment in the current Wakilii corpus expressly cites this section. Bare rule-number references are not assigned where the Order cannot be verified.

Related provisions

No express internal or cross-Act reference appears in this section.

Amendment notes

No section-specific amendment note or instrument-level amendment history appears in this consolidation.

Register book and index to be kept

(1)

The registrar shall-

(a)

cause every instrument registered in the register book to be numbered;

(b)

mark on every registered instrument, the date and number of registration.

(2)

The register may be maintained as an electronic records system.

(3)

The registrar shall keep an index of the names of grantors and grantees of instruments.

(4)

The registrar shall within three days after registration, transmit an instrument to the respective area, where-

(a)

the instrument describes the residence of a grantor to be in a place outside the area in which the registry is situated; or

(b)

the instrument describes a part of the chattels as being in a place outside the area.

(5)

A person may search, inspect, make extracts from and obtain copies of the abstract registered, upon payment of a prescribed fee.

Section analysis Source-linked statutory analysis Source linked

Approved statute annotation. Statutory quotations are matched to this consolidation and judicial passages are linked to judgments. Check the primary sources alongside this analysis.

What this section does

Statutory power

This section confers or regulates the statutory power described as “Register book and index to be kept”.

“(1) The registrar shall-”

Primary legislation Source quotation matched

Practical effect

The power must be exercised by the authorised decision-maker, within the conditions and purpose stated in the section.

Deterministic editorial synthesis — not a substitute for the statutory text Editorial synthesis approved

Elements or requirements

Operative requirements extracted from the consolidated text.

9

(1) The registrar shall-
(a) cause every instrument registered in the register book to be numbered;
(b) mark on every registered instrument, the date and number of registration.
(2) The register may be maintained as an electronic records system.
(3) The registrar shall keep an index of the names of grantors and grantees of instruments.
(4) The registrar shall within three days after registration, transmit an instrument to the respective area, where-
(a) the instrument describes the residence of a grantor to be in a place outside the area in which the registry is situated; or
(b) the instrument describes a part of the chattels as being in a place outside the area.

1 further item remain in the statutory text above.

Judicial interpretation

Express propositions in source-matched passages from judgments citing this section.

0

No judgment in the current Wakilii corpus expressly cites this section. Bare rule-number references are not assigned where the Order cannot be verified.

Related provisions

No express internal or cross-Act reference appears in this section.

Amendment notes

No section-specific amendment note or instrument-level amendment history appears in this consolidation.

Mode of registration

Registration of an instrument shall be effected upon payment of the prescribed fee and submission to the Registrar, of (a) the instrument, schedules, annexes and references to the instrument; and

(b)

a statutory declaration.

Section analysis Source-linked statutory analysis Source linked

Approved statute annotation. Statutory quotations are matched to this consolidation and judicial passages are linked to judgments. Check the primary sources alongside this analysis.

What this section does

Mandatory duty

This section imposes mandatory requirements concerning “Mode of registration”.

“Registration of an instrument shall be effected upon payment of the prescribed fee and submission to the Registrar, of (a) the instrument, schedules, annexes and references to the instrument; and”

Primary legislation Source quotation matched

Practical effect

The provision uses mandatory language; the responsible person or institution should be able to demonstrate compliance.

Deterministic editorial synthesis — not a substitute for the statutory text Editorial synthesis approved

Elements or requirements

Operative requirements extracted from the consolidated text.

1

(b) a statutory declaration.

Judicial interpretation

Express propositions in source-matched passages from judgments citing this section.

0

No judgment in the current Wakilii corpus expressly cites this section. Bare rule-number references are not assigned where the Order cannot be verified.

Related provisions

No express internal or cross-Act reference appears in this section.

Amendment notes

No section-specific amendment note or instrument-level amendment history appears in this consolidation.

Time for registration

(1)

An instrument may be registered within twenty-one days from the day on which it is executed and the time of registration shall be recorded in the register.

(2)

Where there are more than one grantors, the date of execution of an instrument shall be deemed to be the date of the execution by the grantor who last executes the instrument.

(3)

A financing statement may be registered before or after an agreement to create a security interest is made, or at the time when a security interest attaches.

(4)

The registration of a financing statement registered more than twenty one working days after the agreement to create the security interest is entered into, does not perfect the security interest, if-

(a)

within twelve months of the date of registration, a trustee in bankruptcy is appointed; or

(b)

a winding up order is made, in respect of the debtor.

(5)

Where the time for registering an instrument expires on a day on which the office of the registrar is closed, the registration shall be valid if made on the next following day on which the office is open.

(6)

The day on which an instrument is executed shall not be included in the period within which the instrument may be registered under subsection (1), although it may be registered on that day.

Section analysis Source-linked statutory analysis Source linked

Approved statute annotation. Statutory quotations are matched to this consolidation and judicial passages are linked to judgments. Check the primary sources alongside this analysis.

What this section does

Statutory power

This section confers or regulates the statutory power described as “Time for registration”.

“(1) An instrument may be registered within twenty-one days from the day on which it is executed and the time of registration shall be recorded in the register.”

Primary legislation Source quotation matched

Practical effect

The power must be exercised by the authorised decision-maker, within the conditions and purpose stated in the section.

Deterministic editorial synthesis — not a substitute for the statutory text Editorial synthesis approved

Elements or requirements

Operative requirements extracted from the consolidated text.

8

(1) An instrument may be registered within twenty-one days from the day on which it is executed and the time of registration shall be recorded in the register.
(2) Where there are more than one grantors, the date of execution of an instrument shall be deemed to be the date of the execution by the grantor who last executes the instrument.
(3) A financing statement may be registered before or after an agreement to create a security interest is made, or at the time when a security interest attaches.
(4) The registration of a financing statement registered more than twenty one working days after the agreement to create the security interest is entered into, does not perfect the security interest, if-
(a) within twelve months of the date of registration, a trustee in bankruptcy is appointed; or
(b) a winding up order is made, in respect of the debtor.
(5) Where the time for registering an instrument expires on a day on which the office of the registrar is closed, the registration shall be valid if made on the next following day on which the office is open.
(6) The day on which an instrument is executed shall not be included in the period within which the instrument may be registered under subsection (1), although it may be registered on that day.

Judicial interpretation

Express propositions in source-matched passages from judgments citing this section.

0

No judgment in the current Wakilii corpus expressly cites this section. Bare rule-number references are not assigned where the Order cannot be verified.

Related provisions

No express internal or cross-Act reference appears in this section.

Amendment notes

No section-specific amendment note or instrument-level amendment history appears in this consolidation.

Duration and renewal or change of registration

(1)

Registration is effective for the period of time indicated in the instrument or financing statement.

(2)

Registration may be renewed by registering a financing change statement at any time before the original registration ceases to be effective, upon payment of the prescribed fee.

(3)

The renewed registration is effective from the time at which the duly completed financing change statement is delivered for registration.

Section analysis Source-linked statutory analysis Source linked

Approved statute annotation. Statutory quotations are matched to this consolidation and judicial passages are linked to judgments. Check the primary sources alongside this analysis.

What this section does

Statutory power

This section confers or regulates the statutory power described as “Duration and renewal or change of registration”.

“(1) Registration is effective for the period of time indicated in the instrument or financing statement.”

Primary legislation Source quotation matched

Practical effect

The power must be exercised by the authorised decision-maker, within the conditions and purpose stated in the section.

Deterministic editorial synthesis — not a substitute for the statutory text Editorial synthesis approved

Elements or requirements

Operative requirements extracted from the consolidated text.

3

(1) Registration is effective for the period of time indicated in the instrument or financing statement.
(2) Registration may be renewed by registering a financing change statement at any time before the original registration ceases to be effective, upon payment of the prescribed fee.
(3) The renewed registration is effective from the time at which the duly completed financing change statement is delivered for registration.

Judicial interpretation

Express propositions in source-matched passages from judgments citing this section.

0

No judgment in the current Wakilii corpus expressly cites this section. Bare rule-number references are not assigned where the Order cannot be verified.

Related provisions

No express internal or cross-Act reference appears in this section.

Amendment notes

No section-specific amendment note or instrument-level amendment history appears in this consolidation.

Register searches

(1)

A person may, upon payment of a prescribed fee, request for-

(a)

a search of the register against the name of a debtor;

(b)

a search of the register according to the serial number of goods of a kind that is required or permitted to be described by serial number in a financing statement;

(c)

a search according to a registration number; or

(d)

a copy of any registered financing statement or other registered document.

(2)

A certified copy of an instrument or a financing statement is admissible in evidence as a true copy of the original.

Section analysis Source-linked statutory analysis Source linked

Approved statute annotation. Statutory quotations are matched to this consolidation and judicial passages are linked to judgments. Check the primary sources alongside this analysis.

What this section does

Statutory power

This section confers or regulates the statutory power described as “Register searches”.

“(1) A person may, upon payment of a prescribed fee, request for-”

Primary legislation Source quotation matched

Practical effect

The power must be exercised by the authorised decision-maker, within the conditions and purpose stated in the section.

Deterministic editorial synthesis — not a substitute for the statutory text Editorial synthesis approved

Elements or requirements

Operative requirements extracted from the consolidated text.

6

(1) A person may, upon payment of a prescribed fee, request for-
(a) a search of the register against the name of a debtor;
(b) a search of the register according to the serial number of goods of a kind that is required or permitted to be described by serial number in a financing statement;
(c) a search according to a registration number; or
(d) a copy of any registered financing statement or other registered document.
(2) A certified copy of an instrument or a financing statement is admissible in evidence as a true copy of the original.

Judicial interpretation

Express propositions in source-matched passages from judgments citing this section.

0

No judgment in the current Wakilii corpus expressly cites this section. Bare rule-number references are not assigned where the Order cannot be verified.

Related provisions

No express internal or cross-Act reference appears in this section.

Amendment notes

No section-specific amendment note or instrument-level amendment history appears in this consolidation.

Certified copies

A person may have a certified copy of a registered instrument or financing statement upon payment of the prescribed fee

Section analysis Source-linked statutory analysis Source linked

Approved statute annotation. Statutory quotations are matched to this consolidation and judicial passages are linked to judgments. Check the primary sources alongside this analysis.

What this section does

Statutory power

This section confers or regulates the statutory power described as “Certified copies”.

“A person may have a certified copy of a registered instrument or financing statement upon payment of the prescribed fee”

Primary legislation Source quotation matched

Practical effect

The power must be exercised by the authorised decision-maker, within the conditions and purpose stated in the section.

Deterministic editorial synthesis — not a substitute for the statutory text Editorial synthesis approved

Elements or requirements

Operative requirements extracted from the consolidated text.

1

A person may have a certified copy of a registered instrument or financing statement upon payment of the prescribed fee

Judicial interpretation

Express propositions in source-matched passages from judgments citing this section.

0

No judgment in the current Wakilii corpus expressly cites this section. Bare rule-number references are not assigned where the Order cannot be verified.

Related provisions

No express internal or cross-Act reference appears in this section.

Amendment notes

No section-specific amendment note or instrument-level amendment history appears in this consolidation.

Fees

A person who desires to register an instrument, a financing statement or document, or requests for a search of the register, shall pay the prescribed fee

Section analysis Source-linked statutory analysis Source linked

Approved statute annotation. Statutory quotations are matched to this consolidation and judicial passages are linked to judgments. Check the primary sources alongside this analysis.

What this section does

Mandatory duty

This section imposes mandatory requirements concerning “Fees”.

“A person who desires to register an instrument, a financing statement or document, or requests for a search of the register, shall pay the prescribed fee”

Primary legislation Source quotation matched

Practical effect

The provision uses mandatory language; the responsible person or institution should be able to demonstrate compliance.

Deterministic editorial synthesis — not a substitute for the statutory text Editorial synthesis approved

Elements or requirements

Operative requirements extracted from the consolidated text.

1

A person who desires to register an instrument, a financing statement or document, or requests for a search of the register, shall pay the prescribed fee

Judicial interpretation

Express propositions in source-matched passages from judgments citing this section.

0

No judgment in the current Wakilii corpus expressly cites this section. Bare rule-number references are not assigned where the Order cannot be verified.

Related provisions

No express internal or cross-Act reference appears in this section.

Amendment notes

No section-specific amendment note or instrument-level amendment history appears in this consolidation.

Attestation of instrument

An instrument shall be attested by at least one witness, who shall add his or her signature, address and occupation, to the instrument

Section analysis Source-linked statutory analysis Source linked

Approved statute annotation. Statutory quotations are matched to this consolidation and judicial passages are linked to judgments. Check the primary sources alongside this analysis.

What this section does

Mandatory duty

This section imposes mandatory requirements concerning “Attestation of instrument”.

“An instrument shall be attested by at least one witness, who shall add his or her signature, address and occupation, to the instrument”

Primary legislation Source quotation matched

Practical effect

The provision uses mandatory language; the responsible person or institution should be able to demonstrate compliance.

Deterministic editorial synthesis — not a substitute for the statutory text Editorial synthesis approved

Elements or requirements

Operative requirements extracted from the consolidated text.

1

An instrument shall be attested by at least one witness, who shall add his or her signature, address and occupation, to the instrument

Judicial interpretation

Express propositions in source-matched passages from judgments citing this section.

0

No judgment in the current Wakilii corpus expressly cites this section. Bare rule-number references are not assigned where the Order cannot be verified.

Related provisions

No express internal or cross-Act reference appears in this section.

Amendment notes

No section-specific amendment note or instrument-level amendment history appears in this consolidation.

Instrument not duly attested and registered to be void

An instrument which is not duly attested or registered shall be void, except as against the grantor, in respect of the chattels comprised in the instrument

Section analysis Source-linked statutory analysis Source linked

Approved statute annotation. Statutory quotations are matched to this consolidation and judicial passages are linked to judgments. Check the primary sources alongside this analysis.

What this section does

Mandatory duty

This section imposes mandatory requirements concerning “Instrument not duly attested and registered to be void”.

“An instrument which is not duly attested or registered shall be void, except as against the grantor, in respect of the chattels comprised in the instrument”

Primary legislation Source quotation matched

Practical effect

The provision uses mandatory language; the responsible person or institution should be able to demonstrate compliance.

Deterministic editorial synthesis — not a substitute for the statutory text Editorial synthesis approved

Elements or requirements

Operative requirements extracted from the consolidated text.

1

An instrument which is not duly attested or registered shall be void, except as against the grantor, in respect of the chattels comprised in the instrument

Judicial interpretation

Express propositions in source-matched passages from judgments citing this section.

0

No judgment in the current Wakilii corpus expressly cites this section. Bare rule-number references are not assigned where the Order cannot be verified.

Related provisions

No express internal or cross-Act reference appears in this section.

Amendment notes

No section-specific amendment note or instrument-level amendment history appears in this consolidation.

Chattel comprised in registered instrument not to be in possession of grantor

A chattel comprised in an instrument, which has been duly registered under this Act shall not be taken to be in the possession or disposition of the grantor, within the meaning of the Bankruptcy Act

Section analysis Source-linked statutory analysis Source linked

Approved statute annotation. Statutory quotations are matched to this consolidation and judicial passages are linked to judgments. Check the primary sources alongside this analysis.

What this section does

Mandatory duty

This section imposes mandatory requirements concerning “Chattel comprised in registered instrument not to be in possession of grantor”.

“A chattel comprised in an instrument, which has been duly registered under this Act shall not be taken to be in the possession or disposition of the grantor, within the meaning of the Bankruptcy Act”

Primary legislation Source quotation matched

Practical effect

The provision uses mandatory language; the responsible person or institution should be able to demonstrate compliance.

Deterministic editorial synthesis — not a substitute for the statutory text Editorial synthesis approved

Elements or requirements

Operative requirements extracted from the consolidated text.

1

A chattel comprised in an instrument, which has been duly registered under this Act shall not be taken to be in the possession or disposition of the grantor, within the meaning of the Bankruptcy Act

Judicial interpretation

Express propositions in source-matched passages from judgments citing this section.

0

No judgment in the current Wakilii corpus expressly cites this section. Bare rule-number references are not assigned where the Order cannot be verified.

Related provisions

No express internal or cross-Act reference appears in this section.

Amendment notes

No section-specific amendment note or instrument-level amendment history appears in this consolidation.

Priority of two or more instruments registered for the same chattel

Where two or more instruments are registered for the same chattel, priority of the instruments shall be according to the time of their registration

Section analysis Source-linked statutory analysis Source linked

Approved statute annotation. Statutory quotations are matched to this consolidation and judicial passages are linked to judgments. Check the primary sources alongside this analysis.

What this section does

Mandatory duty

This section imposes mandatory requirements concerning “Priority of two or more instruments registered for the same chattel”.

“Where two or more instruments are registered for the same chattel, priority of the instruments shall be according to the time of their registration”

Primary legislation Source quotation matched

Practical effect

The provision uses mandatory language; the responsible person or institution should be able to demonstrate compliance.

Deterministic editorial synthesis — not a substitute for the statutory text Editorial synthesis approved

Elements or requirements

Operative requirements extracted from the consolidated text.

1

Where two or more instruments are registered for the same chattel, priority of the instruments shall be according to the time of their registration

Judicial interpretation

Express propositions in source-matched passages from judgments citing this section.

0

No judgment in the current Wakilii corpus expressly cites this section. Bare rule-number references are not assigned where the Order cannot be verified.

Related provisions

No express internal or cross-Act reference appears in this section.

Amendment notes

No section-specific amendment note or instrument-level amendment history appears in this consolidation.

Form of instrument

An instrument made under this Act shall be in the prescribed form

Section analysis Source-linked statutory analysis Source linked

Approved statute annotation. Statutory quotations are matched to this consolidation and judicial passages are linked to judgments. Check the primary sources alongside this analysis.

What this section does

Mandatory duty

This section imposes mandatory requirements concerning “Form of instrument”.

“An instrument made under this Act shall be in the prescribed form”

Primary legislation Source quotation matched

Practical effect

The provision uses mandatory language; the responsible person or institution should be able to demonstrate compliance.

Deterministic editorial synthesis — not a substitute for the statutory text Editorial synthesis approved

Elements or requirements

Operative requirements extracted from the consolidated text.

1

An instrument made under this Act shall be in the prescribed form

Judicial interpretation

Express propositions in source-matched passages from judgments citing this section.

0

No judgment in the current Wakilii corpus expressly cites this section. Bare rule-number references are not assigned where the Order cannot be verified.

Related provisions

No express internal or cross-Act reference appears in this section.

Amendment notes

No section-specific amendment note or instrument-level amendment history appears in this consolidation.

Instrument to take effect upon registration

An instrument shall be taken to be made on the day on which it is executed, but shall take effect from the time of its registration

Section analysis Source-linked statutory analysis Source linked

Approved statute annotation. Statutory quotations are matched to this consolidation and judicial passages are linked to judgments. Check the primary sources alongside this analysis.

What this section does

Mandatory duty

This section imposes mandatory requirements concerning “Instrument to take effect upon registration”.

“An instrument shall be taken to be made on the day on which it is executed, but shall take effect from the time of its registration”

Primary legislation Source quotation matched

Practical effect

The provision uses mandatory language; the responsible person or institution should be able to demonstrate compliance.

Deterministic editorial synthesis — not a substitute for the statutory text Editorial synthesis approved

Elements or requirements

Operative requirements extracted from the consolidated text.

1

An instrument shall be taken to be made on the day on which it is executed, but shall take effect from the time of its registration

Judicial interpretation

Express propositions in source-matched passages from judgments citing this section.

0

No judgment in the current Wakilii corpus expressly cites this section. Bare rule-number references are not assigned where the Order cannot be verified.

Related provisions

No express internal or cross-Act reference appears in this section.

Amendment notes

No section-specific amendment note or instrument-level amendment history appears in this consolidation.

Instrument to have inventory of chattels

(1)

An instrument shall contain an inventory of chattels comprised in the instrument, or a description of the chattels, which is reasonably sufficient to make the chattels comprised in the instrument capable of identification.

(2)

Except where it is expressly provided, an instrument shall give a good title only to the chattels described in the instrument and shall be void, except as against the grantor, in respect of the chattels which are not described.

Section analysis Source-linked statutory analysis Source linked

Approved statute annotation. Statutory quotations are matched to this consolidation and judicial passages are linked to judgments. Check the primary sources alongside this analysis.

What this section does

Mandatory duty

This section imposes mandatory requirements concerning “Instrument to have inventory of chattels”.

“(1) An instrument shall contain an inventory of chattels comprised in the instrument, or a description of the chattels, which is reasonably sufficient to make the chattels comprised in the instrument capable of identification.”

Primary legislation Source quotation matched

Practical effect

The provision uses mandatory language; the responsible person or institution should be able to demonstrate compliance.

Deterministic editorial synthesis — not a substitute for the statutory text Editorial synthesis approved

Elements or requirements

Operative requirements extracted from the consolidated text.

2

(1) An instrument shall contain an inventory of chattels comprised in the instrument, or a description of the chattels, which is reasonably sufficient to make the chattels comprised in the instrument capable of identification.
(2) Except where it is expressly provided, an instrument shall give a good title only to the chattels described in the instrument and shall be void, except as against the grantor, in respect of the chattels which are not described.

Judicial interpretation

Express propositions in source-matched passages from judgments citing this section.

0

No judgment in the current Wakilii corpus expressly cites this section. Bare rule-number references are not assigned where the Order cannot be verified.

Related provisions

No express internal or cross-Act reference appears in this section.

Amendment notes

No section-specific amendment note or instrument-level amendment history appears in this consolidation.

Instrument not to affect chattels acquired after execution of instrument

Except where it is expressly provided in this Act, an instrument is void, except as against the grantor, in respect of chattels specifically described in the instrument, of which the grantor was not the true owner at the time of the execution of the instrument

Section analysis Source-linked statutory analysis Source linked

Approved statute annotation. Statutory quotations are matched to this consolidation and judicial passages are linked to judgments. Check the primary sources alongside this analysis.

What this section does

Governing rule

This section states the governing statutory rule for “Instrument not to affect chattels acquired after execution of instrument”.

“Except where it is expressly provided in this Act, an instrument is void, except as against the grantor, in respect of chattels specifically described in the instrument, of which the grantor was not the true owner at the time of the execution of the instrument”

Primary legislation Source quotation matched

Practical effect

Use this section as the starting statutory rule for “Instrument not to affect chattels acquired after execution of instrument”, together with the linked provisions and current consolidation.

Deterministic editorial synthesis — not a substitute for the statutory text Editorial synthesis approved

Elements or requirements

Operative requirements extracted from the consolidated text.

1

Except where it is expressly provided in this Act, an instrument is void, except as against the grantor, in respect of chattels specifically described in the instrument, of which the grantor was not the true owner at the time of the execution of the instrument

Judicial interpretation

Express propositions in source-matched passages from judgments citing this section.

0

No judgment in the current Wakilii corpus expressly cites this section. Bare rule-number references are not assigned where the Order cannot be verified.

Related provisions

No express internal or cross-Act reference appears in this section.

Amendment notes

No section-specific amendment note or instrument-level amendment history appears in this consolidation.

Instrument made subject to condition or declaration of trust

(1)

Where an instrument is made subject to a condition or a declaration of trust, which is not contained in the instrument, the condition or declaration of trust shall, for the purposes of this Act, be taken to form part of the instrument, and shall be written on the instrument.

(2)

A condition or a declaration of trust under subsection (1) shall be void, in respect of the chattels comprised in the instrument, except as against the grantor.

(3)

Notwithstanding subsection (1), where a condition in the instrument requires payment of money, the condition need not be written in the instrument, if the date, names of the parties and the nature of the security are set out in the schedule to the instrument.

Section analysis Source-linked statutory analysis Source linked

Approved statute annotation. Statutory quotations are matched to this consolidation and judicial passages are linked to judgments. Check the primary sources alongside this analysis.

What this section does

Mandatory duty

This section imposes mandatory requirements concerning “Instrument made subject to condition or declaration of trust”.

“(1) Where an instrument is made subject to a condition or a declaration of trust, which is not contained in the instrument, the condition or declaration of trust shall, for the purposes of this Act, be taken to form part of the instrument, and shall be written on the instrument.”

Primary legislation Source quotation matched

Practical effect

The provision uses mandatory language; the responsible person or institution should be able to demonstrate compliance.

Deterministic editorial synthesis — not a substitute for the statutory text Editorial synthesis approved

Elements or requirements

Operative requirements extracted from the consolidated text.

3

(1) Where an instrument is made subject to a condition or a declaration of trust, which is not contained in the instrument, the condition or declaration of trust shall, for the purposes of this Act, be taken to form part of the instrument, and shall be written on the instrument.
(2) A condition or a declaration of trust under subsection (1) shall be void, in respect of the chattels comprised in the instrument, except as against the grantor.
(3) Notwithstanding subsection (1), where a condition in the instrument requires payment of money, the condition need not be written in the instrument, if the date, names of the parties and the nature of the security are set out in the schedule to the instrument.

Judicial interpretation

Express propositions in source-matched passages from judgments citing this section.

0

No judgment in the current Wakilii corpus expressly cites this section. Bare rule-number references are not assigned where the Order cannot be verified.

Related provisions

No express internal or cross-Act reference appears in this section.

Amendment notes

No section-specific amendment note or instrument-level amendment history appears in this consolidation.

Instrument securing current account

An instrument securing a current account shall continue in full force notwithstanding the fact that the grantor may be in credit on that account

Section analysis Source-linked statutory analysis Source linked

Approved statute annotation. Statutory quotations are matched to this consolidation and judicial passages are linked to judgments. Check the primary sources alongside this analysis.

What this section does

Statutory power

This section confers or regulates the statutory power described as “Instrument securing current account”.

“An instrument securing a current account shall continue in full force notwithstanding the fact that the grantor may be in credit on that account”

Primary legislation Source quotation matched

Practical effect

The power must be exercised by the authorised decision-maker, within the conditions and purpose stated in the section.

Deterministic editorial synthesis — not a substitute for the statutory text Editorial synthesis approved

Elements or requirements

Operative requirements extracted from the consolidated text.

1

An instrument securing a current account shall continue in full force notwithstanding the fact that the grantor may be in credit on that account

Judicial interpretation

Express propositions in source-matched passages from judgments citing this section.

0

No judgment in the current Wakilii corpus expressly cites this section. Bare rule-number references are not assigned where the Order cannot be verified.

Related provisions

No express internal or cross-Act reference appears in this section.

Amendment notes

No section-specific amendment note or instrument-level amendment history appears in this consolidation.

Instruments comprising stock

(1)

An instrument comprising stock shall, unless the contrary is expressed, include-

(a)

all stock described in the instrument and the natural increase of the stock;

(b)

the stock of the grantor, branded, earmarked or marked as specified in the instrument, or the stock which the grantor covenants or agrees in the instrument, to brand, earmark or mark;

(c)

the stock which after the execution of the instrument is feeding on land or premises mentioned in the instrument, whether or not the stock is removed from the land or premises.

(2)

The stock comprised in an instrument shall be described in the schedule to the instrument by brand, earmark or mark or marks upon the stock indicating the sex, age, name, colour or any description by which the stock can be reasonably identified.

(3)

The land or premises on which the stock is or is intended to be fed or kept shall be described or mentioned in the instrument or in the schedule to the instrument.

(4)

A grantee shall have a right in all stock comprised in the instrument or in the schedule to the instrument.

Section analysis Source-linked statutory analysis Source linked

Approved statute annotation. Statutory quotations are matched to this consolidation and judicial passages are linked to judgments. Check the primary sources alongside this analysis.

What this section does

Mandatory duty

This section imposes mandatory requirements concerning “Instruments comprising stock”.

“(1) An instrument comprising stock shall, unless the contrary is expressed, include-”

Primary legislation Source quotation matched

Practical effect

The provision uses mandatory language; the responsible person or institution should be able to demonstrate compliance.

Deterministic editorial synthesis — not a substitute for the statutory text Editorial synthesis approved

Elements or requirements

Operative requirements extracted from the consolidated text.

7

(1) An instrument comprising stock shall, unless the contrary is expressed, include-
(a) all stock described in the instrument and the natural increase of the stock;
(b) the stock of the grantor, branded, earmarked or marked as specified in the instrument, or the stock which the grantor covenants or agrees in the instrument, to brand, earmark or mark;
(c) the stock which after the execution of the instrument is feeding on land or premises mentioned in the instrument, whether or not the stock is removed from the land or premises.
(2) The stock comprised in an instrument shall be described in the schedule to the instrument by brand, earmark or mark or marks upon the stock indicating the sex, age, name, colour or any description by which the stock can be reasonably identified.
(3) The land or premises on which the stock is or is intended to be fed or kept shall be described or mentioned in the instrument or in the schedule to the instrument.
(4) A grantee shall have a right in all stock comprised in the instrument or in the schedule to the instrument.

Judicial interpretation

Express propositions in source-matched passages from judgments citing this section.

0

No judgment in the current Wakilii corpus expressly cites this section. Bare rule-number references are not assigned where the Order cannot be verified.

Related provisions

No express internal or cross-Act reference appears in this section.

Amendment notes

No section-specific amendment note or instrument-level amendment history appears in this consolidation.

Instrument comprising crops

(1)

An instrument may be granted over the crops described or referred to in the instrument, which, at the time of execution of the instrument are planted or growing upon the land mentioned in the instrument.

(2)

An instrument under subsection (1) shall entitle the grantee of the instrument to crops mentioned in the instrument, while the crops are growing and when they are cut or separated from the soil and whether the crops are stored on the land where they were grown or in another place or whether the nature of the crop is altered by a process of curing or manufacture.

Section analysis Source-linked statutory analysis Source linked

Approved statute annotation. Statutory quotations are matched to this consolidation and judicial passages are linked to judgments. Check the primary sources alongside this analysis.

What this section does

Statutory power

This section confers or regulates the statutory power described as “Instrument comprising crops”.

“(1) An instrument may be granted over the crops described or referred to in the instrument, which, at the time of execution of the instrument are planted or growing upon the land mentioned in the instrument.”

Primary legislation Source quotation matched

Practical effect

The power must be exercised by the authorised decision-maker, within the conditions and purpose stated in the section.

Deterministic editorial synthesis — not a substitute for the statutory text Editorial synthesis approved

Elements or requirements

Operative requirements extracted from the consolidated text.

2

(1) An instrument may be granted over the crops described or referred to in the instrument, which, at the time of execution of the instrument are planted or growing upon the land mentioned in the instrument.
(2) An instrument under subsection (1) shall entitle the grantee of the instrument to crops mentioned in the instrument, while the crops are growing and when they are cut or separated from the soil and whether the crops are stored on the land where they were grown or in another place or whether the nature of the crop is altered by a process of curing or manufacture.

Judicial interpretation

Express propositions in source-matched passages from judgments citing this section.

0

No judgment in the current Wakilii corpus expressly cites this section. Bare rule-number references are not assigned where the Order cannot be verified.

Related provisions

No express internal or cross-Act reference appears in this section.

Amendment notes

No section-specific amendment note or instrument-level amendment history appears in this consolidation.

Substitution of chattels described in instrument

(1)

Parties to an instrument may expressly provide that the grantor may acquire different chattels in substitution for all or any of the chattels described in a schedule to the instrument.

(2)

Where substitution is effected under subsection (1), the chattels substituted shall be taken to be chattels comprised in the schedule to the instrument.

Section analysis Source-linked statutory analysis Source linked

Approved statute annotation. Statutory quotations are matched to this consolidation and judicial passages are linked to judgments. Check the primary sources alongside this analysis.

What this section does

Statutory power

This section confers or regulates the statutory power described as “Substitution of chattels described in instrument”.

“(1) Parties to an instrument may expressly provide that the grantor may acquire different chattels in substitution for all or any of the chattels described in a schedule to the instrument.”

Primary legislation Source quotation matched

Practical effect

The power must be exercised by the authorised decision-maker, within the conditions and purpose stated in the section.

Deterministic editorial synthesis — not a substitute for the statutory text Editorial synthesis approved

Elements or requirements

Operative requirements extracted from the consolidated text.

2

(1) Parties to an instrument may expressly provide that the grantor may acquire different chattels in substitution for all or any of the chattels described in a schedule to the instrument.
(2) Where substitution is effected under subsection (1), the chattels substituted shall be taken to be chattels comprised in the schedule to the instrument.

Judicial interpretation

Express propositions in source-matched passages from judgments citing this section.

0

No judgment in the current Wakilii corpus expressly cites this section. Bare rule-number references are not assigned where the Order cannot be verified.

Related provisions

No express internal or cross-Act reference appears in this section.

Amendment notes

No section-specific amendment note or instrument-level amendment history appears in this consolidation.

Transfer of instrument

(1)

A transferee, his or her executor, administrator or assignee shall, in respect of the instrument transferred, have the same rights, powers and remedies, and be subject to the same obligations as the transferor.

(2)

An instrument may be transferred by a document, in the prescribed form.

Section analysis Source-linked statutory analysis Source linked

Approved statute annotation. Statutory quotations are matched to this consolidation and judicial passages are linked to judgments. Check the primary sources alongside this analysis.

What this section does

Statutory power

This section confers or regulates the statutory power described as “Transfer of instrument”.

“(1) A transferee, his or her executor, administrator or assignee shall, in respect of the instrument transferred, have the same rights, powers and remedies, and be subject to the same obligations as the transferor.”

Primary legislation Source quotation matched

Practical effect

The power must be exercised by the authorised decision-maker, within the conditions and purpose stated in the section.

Deterministic editorial synthesis — not a substitute for the statutory text Editorial synthesis approved

Elements or requirements

Operative requirements extracted from the consolidated text.

2

(1) A transferee, his or her executor, administrator or assignee shall, in respect of the instrument transferred, have the same rights, powers and remedies, and be subject to the same obligations as the transferor.
(2) An instrument may be transferred by a document, in the prescribed form.

Judicial interpretation

Express propositions in source-matched passages from judgments citing this section.

0

No judgment in the current Wakilii corpus expressly cites this section. Bare rule-number references are not assigned where the Order cannot be verified.

Related provisions

No express internal or cross-Act reference appears in this section.

Amendment notes

No section-specific amendment note or instrument-level amendment history appears in this consolidation.

Registration of transfer of instrument

A transfer of an instrument may be registered at any time after its execution, in accordance with section

Section analysis Source-linked statutory analysis Source linked

Approved statute annotation. Statutory quotations are matched to this consolidation and judicial passages are linked to judgments. Check the primary sources alongside this analysis.

What this section does

Statutory power

This section confers or regulates the statutory power described as “Registration of transfer of instrument”.

“A transfer of an instrument may be registered at any time after its execution, in accordance with section”

Primary legislation Source quotation matched

Practical effect

The power must be exercised by the authorised decision-maker, within the conditions and purpose stated in the section.

Deterministic editorial synthesis — not a substitute for the statutory text Editorial synthesis approved

Elements or requirements

Operative requirements extracted from the consolidated text.

1

A transfer of an instrument may be registered at any time after its execution, in accordance with section

Judicial interpretation

Express propositions in source-matched passages from judgments citing this section.

0

No judgment in the current Wakilii corpus expressly cites this section. Bare rule-number references are not assigned where the Order cannot be verified.

Related provisions

No express internal or cross-Act reference appears in this section.

Amendment notes

No section-specific amendment note or instrument-level amendment history appears in this consolidation.

39. Part VI - Financing statement

The text of this section isn't in the consolidation we hold — see the original PDF above.

Financing statement

(1)

A financing statement may relate to one or more agreements creating a security interest.

(2)

The registration of a financing statement relating to an interest in personal property does not create a presumption that the interest is a security interest for the purposes of this Act.

(3)

Registration of a financing statement is not constructive notice of knowledge to a third party, of its existence or content.

Section analysis Source-linked statutory analysis Source linked

Approved statute annotation. Statutory quotations are matched to this consolidation and judicial passages are linked to judgments. Check the primary sources alongside this analysis.

What this section does

Statutory power

This section confers or regulates the statutory power described as “Financing statement”.

“(1) A financing statement may relate to one or more agreements creating a security interest.”

Primary legislation Source quotation matched

Practical effect

The power must be exercised by the authorised decision-maker, within the conditions and purpose stated in the section.

Deterministic editorial synthesis — not a substitute for the statutory text Editorial synthesis approved

Elements or requirements

Operative requirements extracted from the consolidated text.

3

(1) A financing statement may relate to one or more agreements creating a security interest.
(2) The registration of a financing statement relating to an interest in personal property does not create a presumption that the interest is a security interest for the purposes of this Act.
(3) Registration of a financing statement is not constructive notice of knowledge to a third party, of its existence or content.

Judicial interpretation

Express propositions in source-matched passages from judgments citing this section.

0

No judgment in the current Wakilii corpus expressly cites this section. Bare rule-number references are not assigned where the Order cannot be verified.

Related provisions

No express internal or cross-Act reference appears in this section.

Amendment notes

No section-specific amendment note or instrument-level amendment history appears in this consolidation.

Registration of financing statement

(1)

Subject to regulations made under this Act, the registrar may, for the purpose of registering a financing statement, process and record the information contained in the financing statement.

(2)

A document containing information recorded under subsection (1) shall be accepted for all purposes, as if it was the original financing statement.

(3)

Information in a registered financing statement or a registered document may be removed from the record of the registrar only where-

(a)

the registration is no longer effective;

(b)

a financing change statement discharging or partially discharging the registration is received;

(c)

the registrar renews or changes the registration under section 41 ; or

(d)

the registrar discharges or partially discharges a registration in accordance with an order of court.

(4)

The validity of a registered financing statement is not affected by a defect, irregularity, omission or error in the financing statement or in the execution or registration of the financing statement, unless the defect, irregularity, omission or error is seriously misleading.

(5)

Where collateral includes goods of a kind that is required or permitted by regulations to be described in a financing statement by serial number, the registration is invalid, if the financing statement or the registration contains a seriously misleading defect, irregularity, omission or error in the name of the debtor or in the serial number of the goods.

(6)

A defect, irregularity, omission or error may be found to be seriously misleading, even if no one was actually misled by it.

(7)

Failure to provide in a financing statement, a description of any item or kind of collateral shall not affect the validity of the registration of the financing statement, with respect to another item or kind of collateral.

(8)

A secured party or a person named as a secured party in a financing statement, shall, within ten working days after registration of a financing statement, give the debtor named in the instrument, a copy of the financing statement, unless the debtor waives in writing, his or her right to receive the financing statement.

Section analysis Source-linked statutory analysis Source linked

Approved statute annotation. Statutory quotations are matched to this consolidation and judicial passages are linked to judgments. Check the primary sources alongside this analysis.

What this section does

Definition

This section supplies the definitions or statutory meaning governing “Registration of financing statement”.

“(1) Subject to regulations made under this Act, the registrar may, for the purpose of registering a financing statement, process and record the information contained in the financing statement.”

Primary legislation Source quotation matched

Practical effect

Use this definition when interpreting other provisions that employ the language addressed by “Registration of financing statement”.

Deterministic editorial synthesis — not a substitute for the statutory text Editorial synthesis approved

Elements or requirements

Operative requirements extracted from the consolidated text.

12

(1) Subject to regulations made under this Act, the registrar may, for the purpose of registering a financing statement, process and record the information contained in the financing statement.
(2) A document containing information recorded under subsection (1) shall be accepted for all purposes, as if it was the original financing statement.
(3) Information in a registered financing statement or a registered document may be removed from the record of the registrar only where-
(a) the registration is no longer effective;
(b) a financing change statement discharging or partially discharging the registration is received;
(c) the registrar renews or changes the registration under section 41; or
(d) the registrar discharges or partially discharges a registration in accordance with an order of court.
(4) The validity of a registered financing statement is not affected by a defect, irregularity, omission or error in the financing statement or in the execution or registration of the financing statement, unless the defect, irregularity, omission or error is seriously misleading.

4 further items remain in the statutory text above.

Judicial interpretation

Express propositions in source-matched passages from judgments citing this section.

0

No judgment in the current Wakilii corpus expressly cites this section. Bare rule-number references are not assigned where the Order cannot be verified.

Related provisions

Section 41 · Duration and renewal or change of registration

Amendment notes

No section-specific amendment note or instrument-level amendment history appears in this consolidation.

Financing change statement for transferred security interest

(1)

Where a secured party with a security interest in respect of which a financing statement is registered transfers the interest or a part of the interest, the transfer may be recorded by submitting a financing change statement for registration.

(2)

Where a security interest in part of the collateral is transferred under subsection (1), the financing change statement shall contain a description of the collateral to which the transfer relates.

(3)

Where a secured party transfers a security interest which is not perfected by registration, a financing statement naming the transferee as the secured party, may be registered in respect of the security interest.

(4)

A financing change statement recording a transfer of a security interest may be registered before or after the transfer.

(5)

Upon registration of a financing change statement under subsection (4), the transferee becomes the secured party.

(6)

Where two or more secured parties agree to vary the priority of a security interest in respect of which a financing statement is registered or is to be registered, the secured party whose security interest priority is conceded shall-

(a)

register a financing change statement, recording the agreed order of priorities;

(b)

register the duration of the agreement, where the duration of the agreement is shorter than the period for which the registration of the financing statement is effective.

(7)

Any loss or damage resulting from a search result which does not disclose a change in the order of priorities of security interests is reasonably foreseeable loss or damage for the purposes of section

Section analysis Source-linked statutory analysis Source linked

Approved statute annotation. Statutory quotations are matched to this consolidation and judicial passages are linked to judgments. Check the primary sources alongside this analysis.

What this section does

Statutory power

This section confers or regulates the statutory power described as “Financing change statement for transferred security interest”.

“(1) Where a secured party with a security interest in respect of which a financing statement is registered transfers the interest or a part of the interest, the transfer may be recorded by submitting a financing change statement for registration.”

Primary legislation Source quotation matched

Practical effect

The power must be exercised by the authorised decision-maker, within the conditions and purpose stated in the section.

Deterministic editorial synthesis — not a substitute for the statutory text Editorial synthesis approved

Elements or requirements

Operative requirements extracted from the consolidated text.

9

(1) Where a secured party with a security interest in respect of which a financing statement is registered transfers the interest or a part of the interest, the transfer may be recorded by submitting a financing change statement for registration.
(2) Where a security interest in part of the collateral is transferred under subsection (1), the financing change statement shall contain a description of the collateral to which the transfer relates.
(3) Where a secured party transfers a security interest which is not perfected by registration, a financing statement naming the transferee as the secured party, may be registered in respect of the security interest.
(4) A financing change statement recording a transfer of a security interest may be registered before or after the transfer.
(5) Upon registration of a financing change statement under subsection (4), the transferee becomes the secured party.
(6) Where two or more secured parties agree to vary the priority of a security interest in respect of which a financing statement is registered or is to be registered, the secured party whose security interest priority is conceded shall-
(a) register a financing change statement, recording the agreed order of priorities;
(b) register the duration of the agreement, where the duration of the agreement is shorter than the period for which the registration of the financing statement is effective.

1 further item remain in the statutory text above.

Judicial interpretation

Express propositions in source-matched passages from judgments citing this section.

0

No judgment in the current Wakilii corpus expressly cites this section. Bare rule-number references are not assigned where the Order cannot be verified.

Related provisions

No express internal or cross-Act reference appears in this section.

Amendment notes

No section-specific amendment note or instrument-level amendment history appears in this consolidation.

63. Collateral in registered financing statement

(1)

For purposes of this section- "debtor" includes any person identified on a registered financing statement as a debtor;

"secured party" includes any person identified on a registered financing statement as a secured party.

(2)

A debtor or a person with an interest in property that falls within the description of collateral in a registered financing statement may make a written demand to the secured party requiring-

(a)

the registration to be discharged where all the obligations under the security agreement to which it relates have been performed, or where a security agreement does not exist between the secured party and the debtor;

(b)

the registration to be amended or discharged to reflect the terms of an agreement in which the secured party agrees to release part or all of the collateral described in the financing statement; or

(c)

the description of collateral contained in a financing statement to be amended to exclude the items or properties which do not form part of the collateral in the agreement made between the secured party and the debtor.

(3)

Not later than ten working days after the day on which the demand referred to in subsection (2) is given, the secured party shall-

(a)

register a financing change statement amending or discharging the registration; or

(b)

apply for a court order to maintain or renew the registration.

(4)

Where the secured party fails to register a financing change statement as required under subsection (3), the debtor or a person who makes the demand, may request the registrar to give notice to the secured party, that registration is to be renewed by the registrar, in accordance with the demand, on the expiry of twenty working days after the notice, unless the secured party registers an order of court maintaining the registration.

(5)

The registrar shall renew the registration in accordance with a demand made under subsection (4), where a secured party does not, within twenty days upon receipt of the notice-

(a)

register a financing change statement amending or discharging the registration, or

(b)

apply for a court order to maintain or renew the registration.

(6)

A debtor may, under section 96 , sue the secured party for any damages or loss incurred as a result of failure by the secured party to comply with the demand made under subsection (2).

Section analysis Source-linked statutory analysis Source linked

Approved statute annotation. Statutory quotations are matched to this consolidation and judicial passages are linked to judgments. Check the primary sources alongside this analysis.

What this section does

Definition

This section supplies the definitions or statutory meaning governing “63. Collateral in registered financing statement”.

“(1) For purposes of this section-”

Primary legislation Source quotation matched

Practical effect

Use this definition when interpreting other provisions that employ the language addressed by “63. Collateral in registered financing statement”.

Deterministic editorial synthesis — not a substitute for the statutory text Editorial synthesis approved

Elements or requirements

Operative requirements extracted from the consolidated text.

1

"secured party" includes any person identified on a registered financing statement as a secured party.

Judicial interpretation

Express propositions in source-matched passages from judgments citing this section.

0

No judgment in the current Wakilii corpus expressly cites this section. Bare rule-number references are not assigned where the Order cannot be verified.

Related provisions

No express internal or cross-Act reference appears in this section.

Amendment notes

No section-specific amendment note or instrument-level amendment history appears in this consolidation.

Transfer of debtor's interest in collateral or change of debtor's name

(1)

Where a secured party gives consent to the transfer by a debtor of all or part of the interest of the debtor in collateral which is subject to a security interest perfected under section 18 , the security interest of the secured party in the transferred collateral is postponed in priority-

(a)

to a security interest in the transferred collateral that is perfected in the period beginning on the eleventh day after the transfer and ending at the time at which the secured party submits for registration, a financing change statement naming the transferee of the collateral as the new debtor, or takes possession of the collateral, whichever is the earlier;

(b)

to an interest in the transferred collateral, other than a security interest, that arises in the period referred to in paragraph (a); or

(c)

to a security interest in the transferred collateral perfected in the first ten days after the day of the transfer, if, within that period, a financing change statement is not submitted for registration in respect of the security interest mentioned in paragraph (a), naming the transferee of the collateral as the new debtor.

(2)

Where, without the consent of the secured party, the debtor transfers all or part of the interest of the debtor in collateral which is subject to a security interest perfected under section 18 and the secured party has knowledge of the information required to register a financing change statement showing the transferee as the new debtor, the security interest of the secured party in the transferred collateral is postponed in priority-

(a)

to any other security interest in the transferred collateral that is perfected in the period beginning on the eleventh day after the day the secured party has knowledge of the information required to register a financing change statement and ending at the time at which the secured party submits for registration a financing change statement naming the transferee of the collateral as the new debtor or takes possession of the collateral, whichever is the earlier;

(b)

to an interest in the transferred collateral, other than a security interest, that arises in the period referred to in paragraph (a); or

(c)

to any other security interest in the transferred collateral perfected in the first ten days after the day on which the secured party has knowledge of the information required to registrar a financing change statement, if, within that period, a financing change statement is not submitted for registration in respect of the security interest mentioned in paragraph (a), naming the transferee of the collateral as the new debtor.

(3)

Notwithstanding subsection (2), a financing change statement with respect to any intermediate transferee may not be registered.

(4)

Where in respect of a security interest perfected under section 18 there has been a change in the name of the debtor and the secured party has knowledge of the new name of the debtor, the security interest of the secured party in the collateral is postponed in priority-

(a)

to any other security interest in the collateral that is perfected in the period beginning on the eleventh day after the day the secured party has knowledge of the new name of the debtor and ending at the time at which the secured party submits for registration a financing change statement indicating the new name of the debtor or takes possession of collateral, whichever is the earlier;

(b)

to an interest in the collateral, other than a security interest, that arises in the period referred to in paragraph (a); or

(c)

to any other security interest in the collateral perfected in the first ten working days after the day on which the secured party has knowledge of the new name of the debtor, if, within that period, a financing change statement is not submitted for registration in respect of the security interest mentioned in paragraph (a), indicating the new name of the debtor.

Section analysis Source-linked statutory analysis Source linked

Approved statute annotation. Statutory quotations are matched to this consolidation and judicial passages are linked to judgments. Check the primary sources alongside this analysis.

What this section does

Statutory power

This section confers or regulates the statutory power described as “Transfer of debtor's interest in collateral or change of debtor's name”.

“(1) Where a secured party gives consent to the transfer by a debtor of all or part of the interest of the debtor in collateral which is subject to a security interest perfected under section 18, the security interest of the secured party in the transferred collateral is postponed in priority-”

Primary legislation Source quotation matched

Practical effect

The power must be exercised by the authorised decision-maker, within the conditions and purpose stated in the section.

Deterministic editorial synthesis — not a substitute for the statutory text Editorial synthesis approved

Elements or requirements

Operative requirements extracted from the consolidated text.

13

(1) Where a secured party gives consent to the transfer by a debtor of all or part of the interest of the debtor in collateral which is subject to a security interest perfected under section 18, the security interest of the secured party in the transferred collateral is postponed in priority-
(a) to a security interest in the transferred collateral that is perfected in the period beginning on the eleventh day after the transfer and ending at the time at which the secured party submits for registration, a financing change statement naming the transferee of the collateral as the new debtor, or takes possession of the collateral, whichever is the earlier;
(b) to an interest in the transferred collateral, other than a security interest, that arises in the period referred to in paragraph (a); or
(c) to a security interest in the transferred collateral perfected in the first ten days after the day of the transfer, if, within that period, a financing change statement is not submitted for registration in respect of the security interest mentioned in paragraph (a), naming the transferee of the collateral as the new debtor.
(2) Where, without the consent of the secured party, the debtor transfers all or part of the interest of the debtor in collateral which is subject to a security interest perfected under section 18 and the secured party has knowledge of the information required to register a financing change statement showing the transferee as the new debtor, the security interest of the secured party in the transferred collateral is postponed in priority-
(a) to any other security interest in the transferred collateral that is perfected in the period beginning on the eleventh day after the day the secured party has knowledge of the information required to register a financing change statement and ending at the time at which the secured party submits for registration a financing change statement naming the transferee of the collateral as the new debtor or takes possession of the collateral, whichever is the earlier;
(b) to an interest in the transferred collateral, other than a security interest, that arises in the period referred to in paragraph (a); or
(c) to any other security interest in the transferred collateral perfected in the first ten days after the day on which the secured party has knowledge of the information required to registrar a financing change statement, if, within that period, a financing change statement is not submitted for registration in respect of the security interest mentioned in paragraph (a), naming the transferee of the collateral as the new debtor.

5 further items remain in the statutory text above.

Judicial interpretation

Express propositions in source-matched passages from judgments citing this section.

0

No judgment in the current Wakilii corpus expressly cites this section. Bare rule-number references are not assigned where the Order cannot be verified.

Related provisions

Section 18 · Perfection by registration

Amendment notes

No section-specific amendment note or instrument-level amendment history appears in this consolidation.

Right to compensation

A person who suffers loss or damage by reason of any matter specified in section 66 is entitled to compensation from the State

Section analysis Source-linked statutory analysis Source linked

Approved statute annotation. Statutory quotations are matched to this consolidation and judicial passages are linked to judgments. Check the primary sources alongside this analysis.

What this section does

Statutory right

This section creates or regulates the entitlement described as “Right to compensation”.

“A person who suffers loss or damage by reason of any matter specified in section 66 is entitled to compensation from the State”

Primary legislation Source quotation matched

Practical effect

A person relying on the entitlement should identify the statutory conditions and the person or institution against whom it operates.

Deterministic editorial synthesis — not a substitute for the statutory text Editorial synthesis approved

Elements or requirements

Operative requirements extracted from the consolidated text.

0

This section states a single governing proposition and does not enumerate separate elements.

Judicial interpretation

Express propositions in source-matched passages from judgments citing this section.

0

No judgment in the current Wakilii corpus expressly cites this section. Bare rule-number references are not assigned where the Order cannot be verified.

Related provisions

Section 66 · Matters in respect of which compensation is payable

Amendment notes

No section-specific amendment note or instrument-level amendment history appears in this consolidation.

Matters in respect of which compensation is payable

For the purposes of section 65 , compensation is payable where (a) the registrar fails to register a financing statement submitted for registration under this Act;

(b)

the registrar enters in the register particulars of a security interest which do not correctly reflect the information in the financing statement;

(c)

the registrar makes a statement which does not correctly represent the information about a specified debtor or collateral as it appears in the register;

(d)

the registrar fails to renew the registration of a security interest where a financing change statement has been submitted for registration;

(e)

the registrar fails to change the registration of a security interest required to be changed in accordance with this Act or regulations made under this Act;

(f)

the registrar renews registration of a security interest which should not have been renewed; or

(g)

the registrar removes information which should not have been removed from the records.

Section analysis Source-linked statutory analysis Source linked

Approved statute annotation. Statutory quotations are matched to this consolidation and judicial passages are linked to judgments. Check the primary sources alongside this analysis.

What this section does

Governing rule

This section states the governing statutory rule for “Matters in respect of which compensation is payable”.

“For the purposes of section 65, compensation is payable where (a) the registrar fails to register a financing statement submitted for registration under this Act;”

Primary legislation Source quotation matched

Practical effect

Use this section as the starting statutory rule for “Matters in respect of which compensation is payable”, together with the linked provisions and current consolidation.

Deterministic editorial synthesis — not a substitute for the statutory text Editorial synthesis approved

Elements or requirements

Operative requirements extracted from the consolidated text.

6

(b) the registrar enters in the register particulars of a security interest which do not correctly reflect the information in the financing statement;
(c) the registrar makes a statement which does not correctly represent the information about a specified debtor or collateral as it appears in the register;
(d) the registrar fails to renew the registration of a security interest where a financing change statement has been submitted for registration;
(e) the registrar fails to change the registration of a security interest required to be changed in accordance with this Act or regulations made under this Act;
(f) the registrar renews registration of a security interest which should not have been renewed; or
(g) the registrar removes information which should not have been removed from the records.

Judicial interpretation

Express propositions in source-matched passages from judgments citing this section.

0

No judgment in the current Wakilii corpus expressly cites this section. Bare rule-number references are not assigned where the Order cannot be verified.

Related provisions

Section 65 · Right to compensation

Amendment notes

No section-specific amendment note or instrument-level amendment history appears in this consolidation.

Maximum compensation payable

The amount of compensation payable to a secured party shall not exceed the amount of the debt, pecuniary obligation or value of the obligation that is secured by the security interest which is still owing to the secured party at the time when the payment of compensation is to be made

Section analysis Source-linked statutory analysis Source linked

Approved statute annotation. Statutory quotations are matched to this consolidation and judicial passages are linked to judgments. Check the primary sources alongside this analysis.

What this section does

Mandatory duty

This section imposes mandatory requirements concerning “Maximum compensation payable”.

“The amount of compensation payable to a secured party shall not exceed the amount of the debt, pecuniary obligation or value of the obligation that is secured by the security interest which is still owing to the secured party at the time when the payment of compensation is to be made”

Primary legislation Source quotation matched

Practical effect

The provision uses mandatory language; the responsible person or institution should be able to demonstrate compliance.

Deterministic editorial synthesis — not a substitute for the statutory text Editorial synthesis approved

Elements or requirements

Operative requirements extracted from the consolidated text.

1

The amount of compensation payable to a secured party shall not exceed the amount of the debt, pecuniary obligation or value of the obligation that is secured by the security interest which is still owing to the secured party at the time when the payment of compensation is to be made

Judicial interpretation

Express propositions in source-matched passages from judgments citing this section.

0

No judgment in the current Wakilii corpus expressly cites this section. Bare rule-number references are not assigned where the Order cannot be verified.

Related provisions

No express internal or cross-Act reference appears in this section.

Amendment notes

No section-specific amendment note or instrument-level amendment history appears in this consolidation.

Factors that may prevent or reduce compensation payments

(1)

Where any loss or damage is occasioned wholly or partly by an act or omission of a person other than the registrar, the compensation that would otherwise be payable under section 65 may be reduced as the court considers appropriate.

(2)

Court shall not make an order for payment of compensation to an applicant unless the court is satisfied that because of circumstances beyond the control of the applicant or for reason that ought to be reasonably excused, the cause for the compensation was not shown to the satisfaction of the registrar.

(3)

Subsection (2) shall apply where-

(a)

a person applies to court for compensation in respect of a loss or damage suffered by reason of a renewal or change of registration or the removal of any information from the records of the registrar, where the registrar, before renewing or changing the registration or removing the information, gave the person entered in the register as the secured party, a notice requiring that person to show cause why the registration should not be renewed, changed or the information removed; and

(b)

the person entered in the register as the secured party under paragraph (a), fails within ten days of receiving the notice, to show cause to the satisfaction of the registrar why the registration should not be renewed or changed, or the information removed.

Section analysis Source-linked statutory analysis Source linked

Approved statute annotation. Statutory quotations are matched to this consolidation and judicial passages are linked to judgments. Check the primary sources alongside this analysis.

What this section does

Statutory power

This section confers or regulates the statutory power described as “Factors that may prevent or reduce compensation payments”.

“(1) Where any loss or damage is occasioned wholly or partly by an act or omission of a person other than the registrar, the compensation that would otherwise be payable under section 65 may be reduced as the court considers appropriate.”

Primary legislation Source quotation matched

Practical effect

The power must be exercised by the authorised decision-maker, within the conditions and purpose stated in the section.

Deterministic editorial synthesis — not a substitute for the statutory text Editorial synthesis approved

Elements or requirements

Operative requirements extracted from the consolidated text.

5

(1) Where any loss or damage is occasioned wholly or partly by an act or omission of a person other than the registrar, the compensation that would otherwise be payable under section 65 may be reduced as the court considers appropriate.
(2) Court shall not make an order for payment of compensation to an applicant unless the court is satisfied that because of circumstances beyond the control of the applicant or for reason that ought to be reasonably excused, the cause for the compensation was not shown to the satisfaction of the registrar.
(3) Subsection (2) shall apply where-
(a) a person applies to court for compensation in respect of a loss or damage suffered by reason of a renewal or change of registration or the removal of any information from the records of the registrar, where the registrar, before renewing or changing the registration or removing the information, gave the person entered in the register as the secured party, a notice requiring that person to show cause why the registration should not be renewed, changed or the information removed; and
(b) the person entered in the register as the secured party under paragraph (a), fails within ten days of receiving the notice, to show cause to the satisfaction of the registrar why the registration should not be renewed or changed, or the information removed.

Judicial interpretation

Express propositions in source-matched passages from judgments citing this section.

0

No judgment in the current Wakilii corpus expressly cites this section. Bare rule-number references are not assigned where the Order cannot be verified.

Related provisions

Section 65 · Right to compensation

Amendment notes

No section-specific amendment note or instrument-level amendment history appears in this consolidation.

Exemption from liability

(1)

Except as provided in section 65 , proceedings shall not lie against the State, or registrar, or a person engaged in the administration of this Act, arising from an action or omission under this Act, unless it is shown that the person acted in bad faith.

(2)

Nothing in subsection (1) applies in respect of an application for judicial review.

Section analysis Source-linked statutory analysis Source linked

Approved statute annotation. Statutory quotations are matched to this consolidation and judicial passages are linked to judgments. Check the primary sources alongside this analysis.

What this section does

Mandatory duty

This section imposes mandatory requirements concerning “Exemption from liability”.

“(1) Except as provided in section 65, proceedings shall not lie against the State, or registrar, or a person engaged in the administration of this Act, arising from an action or omission under this Act, unless it is shown that the person acted in bad faith.”

Primary legislation Source quotation matched

Practical effect

The provision uses mandatory language; the responsible person or institution should be able to demonstrate compliance.

Deterministic editorial synthesis — not a substitute for the statutory text Editorial synthesis approved

Elements or requirements

Operative requirements extracted from the consolidated text.

2

(1) Except as provided in section 65, proceedings shall not lie against the State, or registrar, or a person engaged in the administration of this Act, arising from an action or omission under this Act, unless it is shown that the person acted in bad faith.
(2) Nothing in subsection (1) applies in respect of an application for judicial review.

Judicial interpretation

Express propositions in source-matched passages from judgments citing this section.

0

No judgment in the current Wakilii corpus expressly cites this section. Bare rule-number references are not assigned where the Order cannot be verified.

Related provisions

Section 65 · Right to compensation

Amendment notes

No section-specific amendment note or instrument-level amendment history appears in this consolidation.

State's right of subrogation

(1)

Where compensation is paid to an applicant, the State is subrogated to the rights of the applicant against a person indebted to the applicant whose debt was the basis of the loss or damage in respect of which the claim was paid.

(2)

Where an applicant is compensated by an amount less than the value of the interest the applicant would have had if the error or omission had not occurred, the right of subrogation under subsection (1) does not prejudice the ability of the applicant to recover, in priority to the State, an amount equal to the difference between the amount paid to the applicant and the value of the interest the applicant would have had if the error or omission had not occurred.

Section analysis Source-linked statutory analysis Source linked

Approved statute annotation. Statutory quotations are matched to this consolidation and judicial passages are linked to judgments. Check the primary sources alongside this analysis.

What this section does

Statutory right

This section creates or regulates the entitlement described as “State's right of subrogation”.

“(1) Where compensation is paid to an applicant, the State is subrogated to the rights of the applicant against a person indebted to the applicant whose debt was the basis of the loss or damage in respect of which the claim was paid.”

Primary legislation Source quotation matched

Practical effect

A person relying on the entitlement should identify the statutory conditions and the person or institution against whom it operates.

Deterministic editorial synthesis — not a substitute for the statutory text Editorial synthesis approved

Elements or requirements

Operative requirements extracted from the consolidated text.

2

(1) Where compensation is paid to an applicant, the State is subrogated to the rights of the applicant against a person indebted to the applicant whose debt was the basis of the loss or damage in respect of which the claim was paid.
(2) Where an applicant is compensated by an amount less than the value of the interest the applicant would have had if the error or omission had not occurred, the right of subrogation under subsection (1) does not prejudice the ability of the applicant to recover, in priority to the State, an amount equal to the difference between the amount paid to the applicant and the value of the interest the applicant would have had if the error or omission had not occurred.

Judicial interpretation

Express propositions in source-matched passages from judgments citing this section.

0

No judgment in the current Wakilii corpus expressly cites this section. Bare rule-number references are not assigned where the Order cannot be verified.

Related provisions

No express internal or cross-Act reference appears in this section.

Amendment notes

No section-specific amendment note or instrument-level amendment history appears in this consolidation.

Remedies available where debtor in default

(1)

Where a debtor is in default under an agreement to create a security interest, a secured party may-

(a)

sue the debtor on the claim; or

(b)

realise the collateral in accordance with this Part.

(2)

Where the collateral is a document of title, the secured party may proceed either to the document of title, or to the goods covered by it.

(3)

Where a secured party reduces any claim to judgment, the hen of any levy which may be made upon the collateral by virtue of any execution based upon the judgment shall relate back to the date of the perfection of the security interest in such collateral.

Section analysis Source-linked statutory analysis Source linked

Approved statute annotation. Statutory quotations are matched to this consolidation and judicial passages are linked to judgments. Check the primary sources alongside this analysis.

What this section does

Statutory power

This section confers or regulates the statutory power described as “Remedies available where debtor in default”.

“(1) Where a debtor is in default under an agreement to create a security interest, a secured party may-”

Primary legislation Source quotation matched

Practical effect

The power must be exercised by the authorised decision-maker, within the conditions and purpose stated in the section.

Deterministic editorial synthesis — not a substitute for the statutory text Editorial synthesis approved

Elements or requirements

Operative requirements extracted from the consolidated text.

5

(1) Where a debtor is in default under an agreement to create a security interest, a secured party may-
(a) sue the debtor on the claim; or
(b) realise the collateral in accordance with this Part.
(2) Where the collateral is a document of title, the secured party may proceed either to the document of title, or to the goods covered by it.
(3) Where a secured party reduces any claim to judgment, the hen of any levy which may be made upon the collateral by virtue of any execution based upon the judgment shall relate back to the date of the perfection of the security interest in such collateral.

Judicial interpretation

Express propositions in source-matched passages from judgments citing this section.

0

No judgment in the current Wakilii corpus expressly cites this section. Bare rule-number references are not assigned where the Order cannot be verified.

Related provisions

No express internal or cross-Act reference appears in this section.

Amendment notes

No section-specific amendment note or instrument-level amendment history appears in this consolidation.

Real and personal collateral

Where an agreement to create a security interest covers both real and personal property, the secured party may, if the debtor is in default (a) proceed as to the personal property under this Part; or

(b)

proceed as to both the real and the personal property in accordance with the rights and remedies of the secured party in respect of the real property, in which case the provisions of this Part do not apply.

Section analysis Source-linked statutory analysis Source linked

Approved statute annotation. Statutory quotations are matched to this consolidation and judicial passages are linked to judgments. Check the primary sources alongside this analysis.

What this section does

Statutory power

This section confers or regulates the statutory power described as “Real and personal collateral”.

“Where an agreement to create a security interest covers both real and personal property, the secured party may, if the debtor is in default (a) proceed as to the personal property under this Part; or”

Primary legislation Source quotation matched

Practical effect

The power must be exercised by the authorised decision-maker, within the conditions and purpose stated in the section.

Deterministic editorial synthesis — not a substitute for the statutory text Editorial synthesis approved

Elements or requirements

Operative requirements extracted from the consolidated text.

1

(b) proceed as to both the real and the personal property in accordance with the rights and remedies of the secured party in respect of the real property, in which case the provisions of this Part do not apply.

Judicial interpretation

Express propositions in source-matched passages from judgments citing this section.

0

No judgment in the current Wakilii corpus expressly cites this section. Bare rule-number references are not assigned where the Order cannot be verified.

Related provisions

No express internal or cross-Act reference appears in this section.

Amendment notes

No section-specific amendment note or instrument-level amendment history appears in this consolidation.

Realisation of collateral

(1)

Where a debtor is in default, a secured party may realise collateral by-

(a)

appointing a receiver under section 74 ;

(b)

taking possession of the collateral under section 75 ;

(c)

sale under section 76 ;

(d)

foreclosure under section 82 ; or

(e)

collection under section 83 .

(2)

For the purposes of this Part, sale includes lease or other disposition.

(3)

Section 14 applies where possession of the secured party arises from the default of the debtor.

Section analysis Source-linked statutory analysis Source linked

Approved statute annotation. Statutory quotations are matched to this consolidation and judicial passages are linked to judgments. Check the primary sources alongside this analysis.

What this section does

Definition

This section supplies the definitions or statutory meaning governing “Realisation of collateral”.

“(1) Where a debtor is in default, a secured party may realise collateral by-”

Primary legislation Source quotation matched

Practical effect

Use this definition when interpreting other provisions that employ the language addressed by “Realisation of collateral”.

Deterministic editorial synthesis — not a substitute for the statutory text Editorial synthesis approved

Elements or requirements

Operative requirements extracted from the consolidated text.

8

(1) Where a debtor is in default, a secured party may realise collateral by-
(a) appointing a receiver under section 74;
(b) taking possession of the collateral under section 75;
(c) sale under section 76;
(d) foreclosure under section 82; or
(e) collection under section 83.
(2) For the purposes of this Part, sale includes lease or other disposition.
(3) Section 14 applies where possession of the secured party arises from the default of the debtor.

Judicial interpretation

Express propositions in source-matched passages from judgments citing this section.

0

No judgment in the current Wakilii corpus expressly cites this section. Bare rule-number references are not assigned where the Order cannot be verified.

Related provisions

Section 74 · Appointment of receiver Section 75 · Possession by secured party Section 76 · Sale by secured party Section 82 · Foreclosure Section 83 · Duties of secured party Section 14 · Rights and duties where collateral is in possession of secured party

Amendment notes

No section-specific amendment note or instrument-level amendment history appears in this consolidation.

Appointment of receiver

(1)

Where a debtor is in default, a receiver may be appointed in respect of the collateral, by-

(a)

the secured party, where a security document in respect of the collateral so provides; or

(b)

the court.

(2)

Where the security document confers a power to appoint a receiver, the power extends to the appointment of two or more receivers.

(3)

Before appointing a receiver under this section, the secured party shall serve a notice on the debtor and shall not make the appointment until fifteen working days from the date of service of the notice, lapse.

(4)

A receiver appointed under this section shall exercise the powers, rights and duties of a receiver specified under the Mortgage Act.

Section analysis Source-linked statutory analysis Source linked

Approved statute annotation. Statutory quotations are matched to this consolidation and judicial passages are linked to judgments. Check the primary sources alongside this analysis.

What this section does

Statutory power

This section confers or regulates the statutory power described as “Appointment of receiver”.

“(1) Where a debtor is in default, a receiver may be appointed in respect of the collateral, by-”

Primary legislation Source quotation matched

Practical effect

The power must be exercised by the authorised decision-maker, within the conditions and purpose stated in the section.

Deterministic editorial synthesis — not a substitute for the statutory text Editorial synthesis approved

Elements or requirements

Operative requirements extracted from the consolidated text.

6

(1) Where a debtor is in default, a receiver may be appointed in respect of the collateral, by-
(a) the secured party, where a security document in respect of the collateral so provides; or
(b) the court.
(2) Where the security document confers a power to appoint a receiver, the power extends to the appointment of two or more receivers.
(3) Before appointing a receiver under this section, the secured party shall serve a notice on the debtor and shall not make the appointment until fifteen working days from the date of service of the notice, lapse.
(4) A receiver appointed under this section shall exercise the powers, rights and duties of a receiver specified under the Mortgage Act.

Judicial interpretation

Express propositions in source-matched passages from judgments citing this section.

0

No judgment in the current Wakilii corpus expressly cites this section. Bare rule-number references are not assigned where the Order cannot be verified.

Related provisions

Mortgage Act

Amendment notes

No section-specific amendment note or instrument-level amendment history appears in this consolidation.

Possession by secured party

(1)

Where a debtor is in default, unless otherwise agreed, a secured party has the right to take possession of the collateral without a court order, provided this can be effected without a breach of the peace.

(2)

Without removal, a secured party may render equipment unusable and dispose of collateral on the premises of the debtor under section 76 .

Section analysis Source-linked statutory analysis Source linked

Approved statute annotation. Statutory quotations are matched to this consolidation and judicial passages are linked to judgments. Check the primary sources alongside this analysis.

What this section does

Statutory power

This section confers or regulates the statutory power described as “Possession by secured party”.

“(1) Where a debtor is in default, unless otherwise agreed, a secured party has the right to take possession of the collateral without a court order, provided this can be effected without a breach of the peace.”

Primary legislation Source quotation matched

Practical effect

The power must be exercised by the authorised decision-maker, within the conditions and purpose stated in the section.

Deterministic editorial synthesis — not a substitute for the statutory text Editorial synthesis approved

Elements or requirements

Operative requirements extracted from the consolidated text.

2

(1) Where a debtor is in default, unless otherwise agreed, a secured party has the right to take possession of the collateral without a court order, provided this can be effected without a breach of the peace.
(2) Without removal, a secured party may render equipment unusable and dispose of collateral on the premises of the debtor under section 76.

Judicial interpretation

Express propositions in source-matched passages from judgments citing this section.

0

No judgment in the current Wakilii corpus expressly cites this section. Bare rule-number references are not assigned where the Order cannot be verified.

Related provisions

Section 76 · Sale by secured party

Amendment notes

No section-specific amendment note or instrument-level amendment history appears in this consolidation.

Sale by secured party

(1)

Where a debtor is in default, a secured party may sell any or all of the collateral in its condition or following any commercially reasonable preparation or processing.

(2)

The proceeds of a sale made under subsection (1) shall be applied in the following order-

(a)

to payment of the reasonable expenses of retaking, holding, preparing for sale, selling, and to the extent provided for in the agreement, the reasonable legal costs incurred by the secured party calculated on an advocate and client basis;

(b)

to the satisfaction of indebtedness secured by the security interest under which the sale is made;

(c)

subject to subsection (3), to the satisfaction of indebtedness secured by any subordinate security interest in the collateral;

(d)

subject to subsection (4), if the security interest secures an indebtedness, the residue, if any, to the debtor, or, if the secured party knows that the collateral is not owned by the debtor, to the owner.

(3)

A secured party shall apply the proceeds under subsection (2) (c) only-

(a)

if before distribution of the proceeds is completed, reasonable proof of the subordinate security and demand for the proceeds is received; and

(b)

to the extent of the undistributed proceeds, where notification of this is received.

(4)

Where the underlying transaction was a sale of receivables or a lease not securing payment or performance of an obligation, the secured party shall apply proceeds under subsection (2) (d) only if the agreement creating the security interest so provides.

(5)

Sections 77 , 78 , 79 and 80 apply to a sale under this section.

Section analysis Source-linked statutory analysis Source linked

Approved statute annotation. Statutory quotations are matched to this consolidation and judicial passages are linked to judgments. Check the primary sources alongside this analysis.

What this section does

Statutory power

This section confers or regulates the statutory power described as “Sale by secured party”.

“(1) Where a debtor is in default, a secured party may sell any or all of the collateral in its condition or following any commercially reasonable preparation or processing.”

Primary legislation Source quotation matched

Practical effect

The power must be exercised by the authorised decision-maker, within the conditions and purpose stated in the section.

Deterministic editorial synthesis — not a substitute for the statutory text Editorial synthesis approved

Elements or requirements

Operative requirements extracted from the consolidated text.

11

(1) Where a debtor is in default, a secured party may sell any or all of the collateral in its condition or following any commercially reasonable preparation or processing.
(2) The proceeds of a sale made under subsection (1) shall be applied in the following order-
(a) to payment of the reasonable expenses of retaking, holding, preparing for sale, selling, and to the extent provided for in the agreement, the reasonable legal costs incurred by the secured party calculated on an advocate and client basis;
(b) to the satisfaction of indebtedness secured by the security interest under which the sale is made;
(c) subject to subsection (3), to the satisfaction of indebtedness secured by any subordinate security interest in the collateral;
(d) subject to subsection (4), if the security interest secures an indebtedness, the residue, if any, to the debtor, or, if the secured party knows that the collateral is not owned by the debtor, to the owner.
(3) A secured party shall apply the proceeds under subsection (2) (c) only-
(a) if before distribution of the proceeds is completed, reasonable proof of the subordinate security and demand for the proceeds is received; and

3 further items remain in the statutory text above.

Judicial interpretation

Express propositions in source-matched passages from judgments citing this section.

0

No judgment in the current Wakilii corpus expressly cites this section. Bare rule-number references are not assigned where the Order cannot be verified.

Related provisions

Section 77 · Treatment of deficiency after sale Section 78 · Mode of sale Section 79 · Notice of sale Section 80 · Effect of sale

Amendment notes

No section-specific amendment note or instrument-level amendment history appears in this consolidation.

Treatment of deficiency after sale

(1)

Subject to subsection (2), unless otherwise agreed, a debtor but not the owner, where the owner of the goods is not the debtor, is liable for-

(a)

any deficiency that arises after sale proceeds are applied; or

(b)

any deficiency that arises due to failure to comply with section 78 .

(2)

Where a transaction is a sale of receivables or a lease, the debtor is liable for any deficiency specified in the agreement creating the security interest.

Section analysis Source-linked statutory analysis Source linked

Approved statute annotation. Statutory quotations are matched to this consolidation and judicial passages are linked to judgments. Check the primary sources alongside this analysis.

What this section does

Governing rule

This section states the governing statutory rule for “Treatment of deficiency after sale”.

“(1) Subject to subsection (2), unless otherwise agreed, a debtor but not the owner, where the owner of the goods is not the debtor, is liable for-”

Primary legislation Source quotation matched

Practical effect

Use this section as the starting statutory rule for “Treatment of deficiency after sale”, together with the linked provisions and current consolidation.

Deterministic editorial synthesis — not a substitute for the statutory text Editorial synthesis approved

Elements or requirements

Operative requirements extracted from the consolidated text.

4

(1) Subject to subsection (2), unless otherwise agreed, a debtor but not the owner, where the owner of the goods is not the debtor, is liable for-
(a) any deficiency that arises after sale proceeds are applied; or
(b) any deficiency that arises due to failure to comply with section 78.
(2) Where a transaction is a sale of receivables or a lease, the debtor is liable for any deficiency specified in the agreement creating the security interest.

Judicial interpretation

Express propositions in source-matched passages from judgments citing this section.

0

No judgment in the current Wakilii corpus expressly cites this section. Bare rule-number references are not assigned where the Order cannot be verified.

Related provisions

Section 78 · Mode of sale

Amendment notes

No section-specific amendment note or instrument-level amendment history appears in this consolidation.

Mode of sale

(1)

Sale of collateral may be by public auction, private sale or by a contract.

(2)

The time, place and terms of the sale shall be commercially reasonable.

(3)

Notwithstanding subsection (2), the fact that a better price could have been obtained by a sale at a different time or using a different method is not of itself sufficient to establish that the sale was not commercially reasonable.

Section analysis Source-linked statutory analysis Source linked

Approved statute annotation. Statutory quotations are matched to this consolidation and judicial passages are linked to judgments. Check the primary sources alongside this analysis.

What this section does

Statutory power

This section confers or regulates the statutory power described as “Mode of sale”.

“(1) Sale of collateral may be by public auction, private sale or by a contract.”

Primary legislation Source quotation matched

Practical effect

The power must be exercised by the authorised decision-maker, within the conditions and purpose stated in the section.

Deterministic editorial synthesis — not a substitute for the statutory text Editorial synthesis approved

Elements or requirements

Operative requirements extracted from the consolidated text.

3

(1) Sale of collateral may be by public auction, private sale or by a contract.
(2) The time, place and terms of the sale shall be commercially reasonable.
(3) Notwithstanding subsection (2), the fact that a better price could have been obtained by a sale at a different time or using a different method is not of itself sufficient to establish that the sale was not commercially reasonable.

Judicial interpretation

Express propositions in source-matched passages from judgments citing this section.

0

No judgment in the current Wakilii corpus expressly cites this section. Bare rule-number references are not assigned where the Order cannot be verified.

Related provisions

No express internal or cross-Act reference appears in this section.

Amendment notes

No section-specific amendment note or instrument-level amendment history appears in this consolidation.

Notice of sale

(1)

Where the collateral is not perishable, the secured party shall, in accordance with subsection (2), give twenty days notice of sale of the collateral.

(2)

A notice of sale shall indicate-

(a)

the time and place of the sale, in case of a public auction; or

(b)

the time after which any private sale is to be made.

(3)

Notice under subsection (1) shall be given to-

(a)

any other secured party;

(b)

the debtor, unless he or she has, after the default, signed a statement renouncing or modifying his or her right to receive notice; and

(c)

the owner of the collateral, where the debtor is not the owner of the collateral.

Section analysis Source-linked statutory analysis Source linked

Approved statute annotation. Statutory quotations are matched to this consolidation and judicial passages are linked to judgments. Check the primary sources alongside this analysis.

What this section does

Procedural rule

This section establishes the governing procedure for “Notice of sale”.

“(1) Where the collateral is not perishable, the secured party shall, in accordance with subsection (2), give twenty days notice of sale of the collateral.”

Primary legislation Source quotation matched

Practical effect

A litigant should address this rule at the procedural stage named in the section and preserve evidence of compliance.

Deterministic editorial synthesis — not a substitute for the statutory text Editorial synthesis approved

Elements or requirements

Operative requirements extracted from the consolidated text.

8

(1) Where the collateral is not perishable, the secured party shall, in accordance with subsection (2), give twenty days notice of sale of the collateral.
(2) A notice of sale shall indicate-
(a) the time and place of the sale, in case of a public auction; or
(b) the time after which any private sale is to be made.
(3) Notice under subsection (1) shall be given to-
(a) any other secured party;
(b) the debtor, unless he or she has, after the default, signed a statement renouncing or modifying his or her right to receive notice; and
(c) the owner of the collateral, where the debtor is not the owner of the collateral.

Judicial interpretation

Express propositions in source-matched passages from judgments citing this section.

0

No judgment in the current Wakilii corpus expressly cites this section. Bare rule-number references are not assigned where the Order cannot be verified.

Related provisions

No express internal or cross-Act reference appears in this section.

Amendment notes

No section-specific amendment note or instrument-level amendment history appears in this consolidation.

Effect of sale

(1)

When collateral is sold to a purchaser for value, the sale-

(a)

transfers to the purchaser all the rights of the debtor in the collateral;

(b)

discharges the security interest; and

(c)

discharges any security interest or lien subordinate to the security interest.

(2)

Subsection (1) applies even where the secured party fails to comply with the requirements of this Part-

(a)

in the case of a public auction, where a purchaser-

(i)

has no knowledge of any defects in the sale; and

(ii)

does not buy in collusion with the secured party, other bidders or the person conducting the sale; or

(b)

in any other case, where the purchaser acts in good faith.

Section analysis Source-linked statutory analysis Source linked

Approved statute annotation. Statutory quotations are matched to this consolidation and judicial passages are linked to judgments. Check the primary sources alongside this analysis.

What this section does

Governing rule

This section states the governing statutory rule for “Effect of sale”.

“(1) When collateral is sold to a purchaser for value, the sale-”

Primary legislation Source quotation matched

Practical effect

Use this section as the starting statutory rule for “Effect of sale”, together with the linked provisions and current consolidation.

Deterministic editorial synthesis — not a substitute for the statutory text Editorial synthesis approved

Elements or requirements

Operative requirements extracted from the consolidated text.

9

(1) When collateral is sold to a purchaser for value, the sale-
(a) transfers to the purchaser all the rights of the debtor in the collateral;
(b) discharges the security interest; and
(c) discharges any security interest or lien subordinate to the security interest.
(2) Subsection (1) applies even where the secured party fails to comply with the requirements of this Part-
(a) in the case of a public auction, where a purchaser-
(i) has no knowledge of any defects in the sale; and
(ii) does not buy in collusion with the secured party, other bidders or the person conducting the sale; or

1 further item remain in the statutory text above.

Judicial interpretation

Express propositions in source-matched passages from judgments citing this section.

0

No judgment in the current Wakilii corpus expressly cites this section. Bare rule-number references are not assigned where the Order cannot be verified.

Related provisions

No express internal or cross-Act reference appears in this section.

Amendment notes

No section-specific amendment note or instrument-level amendment history appears in this consolidation.

Debtor's right to redeem

Subject to section 82 , before a secured party sells or contracts to sell collateral, the debtor or the owner of the collateral where the debtor is not the owner, or a secured party may, unless otherwise agreed in writing after default, redeem the collateral by (a) fulfilling all obligations secured by the collateral; and

(b)

paying costs incurred by the secured party in preparing the sale.

Section analysis Source-linked statutory analysis Source linked

Approved statute annotation. Statutory quotations are matched to this consolidation and judicial passages are linked to judgments. Check the primary sources alongside this analysis.

What this section does

Statutory power

This section confers or regulates the statutory power described as “Debtor's right to redeem”.

“Subject to section 82, before a secured party sells or contracts to sell collateral, the debtor or the owner of the collateral where the debtor is not the owner, or a secured party may, unless otherwise agreed in writing after default, redeem the collateral by (a) fulfilling all obligations secured by the collateral; and”

Primary legislation Source quotation matched

Practical effect

The power must be exercised by the authorised decision-maker, within the conditions and purpose stated in the section.

Deterministic editorial synthesis — not a substitute for the statutory text Editorial synthesis approved

Elements or requirements

Operative requirements extracted from the consolidated text.

1

(b) paying costs incurred by the secured party in preparing the sale.

Judicial interpretation

Express propositions in source-matched passages from judgments citing this section.

0

No judgment in the current Wakilii corpus expressly cites this section. Bare rule-number references are not assigned where the Order cannot be verified.

Related provisions

Section 82 · Foreclosure

Amendment notes

No section-specific amendment note or instrument-level amendment history appears in this consolidation.

Foreclosure

A secured party may apply to court for an order to foreclose the right of a debtor to redeem the collateral, under section

Section analysis Source-linked statutory analysis Source linked

Approved statute annotation. Statutory quotations are matched to this consolidation and judicial passages are linked to judgments. Check the primary sources alongside this analysis.

What this section does

Statutory power

This section confers or regulates the statutory power described as “Foreclosure”.

“A secured party may apply to court for an order to foreclose the right of a debtor to redeem the collateral, under section”

Primary legislation Source quotation matched

Practical effect

The power must be exercised by the authorised decision-maker, within the conditions and purpose stated in the section.

Deterministic editorial synthesis — not a substitute for the statutory text Editorial synthesis approved

Elements or requirements

Operative requirements extracted from the consolidated text.

1

A secured party may apply to court for an order to foreclose the right of a debtor to redeem the collateral, under section

Judicial interpretation

Express propositions in source-matched passages from judgments citing this section.

0

No judgment in the current Wakilii corpus expressly cites this section. Bare rule-number references are not assigned where the Order cannot be verified.

Related provisions

No express internal or cross-Act reference appears in this section.

Amendment notes

No section-specific amendment note or instrument-level amendment history appears in this consolidation.

Duties of secured party

(1)

A secured party shall notify a person who has an obligation to pay the secured party under a negotiable instrument, a chattel paper, an intangible or receivable or to take control of any proceeds to which the secured party is entitled under section 21 .

(2)

Subject to subsection (3), where the security agreement secures indebtedness, the secured party shall account for any surplus to the debtor or to the owner of the collateral, if the collateral is not owned by the debtor.

(3)

Where the transaction was a sale of receivables or a lease not securing payment or performance of an obligation-

(a)

the debtor or, if the secured party knows that the collateral is not owned by the debtor, the owner of the collateral is entitled to any surplus; and

(b)

the debtor, and not the owner of the collateral, where the debtor is not the owner, is liable for any deficiency, if this is provided for in the agreement creating the security interest.

Section analysis Source-linked statutory analysis Source linked

Approved statute annotation. Statutory quotations are matched to this consolidation and judicial passages are linked to judgments. Check the primary sources alongside this analysis.

What this section does

Mandatory duty

This section imposes mandatory requirements concerning “Duties of secured party”.

“(1) A secured party shall notify a person who has an obligation to pay the secured party under a negotiable instrument, a chattel paper, an intangible or receivable or to take control of any proceeds to which the secured party is entitled under section 21.”

Primary legislation Source quotation matched

Practical effect

The provision uses mandatory language; the responsible person or institution should be able to demonstrate compliance.

Deterministic editorial synthesis — not a substitute for the statutory text Editorial synthesis approved

Elements or requirements

Operative requirements extracted from the consolidated text.

5

(1) A secured party shall notify a person who has an obligation to pay the secured party under a negotiable instrument, a chattel paper, an intangible or receivable or to take control of any proceeds to which the secured party is entitled under section 21.
(2) Subject to subsection (3), where the security agreement secures indebtedness, the secured party shall account for any surplus to the debtor or to the owner of the collateral, if the collateral is not owned by the debtor.
(3) Where the transaction was a sale of receivables or a lease not securing payment or performance of an obligation-
(a) the debtor or, if the secured party knows that the collateral is not owned by the debtor, the owner of the collateral is entitled to any surplus; and
(b) the debtor, and not the owner of the collateral, where the debtor is not the owner, is liable for any deficiency, if this is provided for in the agreement creating the security interest.

Judicial interpretation

Express propositions in source-matched passages from judgments citing this section.

0

No judgment in the current Wakilii corpus expressly cites this section. Bare rule-number references are not assigned where the Order cannot be verified.

Related provisions

Section 21 · Security interest in proceeds

Amendment notes

No section-specific amendment note or instrument-level amendment history appears in this consolidation.

Secured party's liability for failure to comply

Where a secured party does not comply with this Part, a debtor or any person entitled to notification or whose security interest is made known to the secured party prior to a sale, may apply to the court for an order (a) that a sale be restrained or that the sale is conducted in accordance with agreed terms and conditions; or

(b)

for damages for any loss or damage caused by a failure to comply with the provisions of this Part, which loss or damage is reasonably foreseeable for the purposes of section 96 .

Section analysis Source-linked statutory analysis Source linked

Approved statute annotation. Statutory quotations are matched to this consolidation and judicial passages are linked to judgments. Check the primary sources alongside this analysis.

What this section does

Statutory power

This section confers or regulates the statutory power described as “Secured party's liability for failure to comply”.

“Where a secured party does not comply with this Part, a debtor or any person entitled to notification or whose security interest is made known to the secured party prior to a sale, may apply to the court for an order (a) that a sale be restrained or that the sale is conducted in accordance with agreed terms and conditions; or”

Primary legislation Source quotation matched

Practical effect

The power must be exercised by the authorised decision-maker, within the conditions and purpose stated in the section.

Deterministic editorial synthesis — not a substitute for the statutory text Editorial synthesis approved

Elements or requirements

Operative requirements extracted from the consolidated text.

1

(b) for damages for any loss or damage caused by a failure to comply with the provisions of this Part, which loss or damage is reasonably foreseeable for the purposes of section 96.

Judicial interpretation

Express propositions in source-matched passages from judgments citing this section.

0

No judgment in the current Wakilii corpus expressly cites this section. Bare rule-number references are not assigned where the Order cannot be verified.

Related provisions

Section 96 · 63. Collateral in registered financing statement

Amendment notes

No section-specific amendment note or instrument-level amendment history appears in this consolidation.

Rights of landlord or mortgagee

(1)

An instrument shall not prejudicially affect the rights of a landlord or a mortgagee of any land on which crops comprised in the instrument are growing, except where the landlord or mortgagee consents to the instrument in writing.

(2)

Notwithstanding subsection (1), a duly registered instrument shall not be prejudicially affected by a subsequent sale, lease, mortgage or other encumbrance of or upon the land described or referred to in the instrument or in the schedule to the instrument.

(3)

For the purposes of this section, "landlord" means a person having an interest superior to that of a grantor.

Section analysis Source-linked statutory analysis Source linked

Approved statute annotation. Statutory quotations are matched to this consolidation and judicial passages are linked to judgments. Check the primary sources alongside this analysis.

What this section does

Definition

This section supplies the definitions or statutory meaning governing “Rights of landlord or mortgagee”.

“(1) An instrument shall not prejudicially affect the rights of a landlord or a mortgagee of any land on which crops comprised in the instrument are growing, except where the landlord or mortgagee consents to the instrument in writing.”

Primary legislation Source quotation matched

Practical effect

Use this definition when interpreting other provisions that employ the language addressed by “Rights of landlord or mortgagee”.

Deterministic editorial synthesis — not a substitute for the statutory text Editorial synthesis approved

Elements or requirements

Operative requirements extracted from the consolidated text.

3

(1) An instrument shall not prejudicially affect the rights of a landlord or a mortgagee of any land on which crops comprised in the instrument are growing, except where the landlord or mortgagee consents to the instrument in writing.
(2) Notwithstanding subsection (1), a duly registered instrument shall not be prejudicially affected by a subsequent sale, lease, mortgage or other encumbrance of or upon the land described or referred to in the instrument or in the schedule to the instrument.
(3) For the purposes of this section, "landlord" means a person having an interest superior to that of a grantor.

Judicial interpretation

Express propositions in source-matched passages from judgments citing this section.

0

No judgment in the current Wakilii corpus expressly cites this section. Bare rule-number references are not assigned where the Order cannot be verified.

Related provisions

No express internal or cross-Act reference appears in this section.

Amendment notes

No section-specific amendment note or instrument-level amendment history appears in this consolidation.

Sale of chattel

A chattel or any part of a chattel may be sold along with or separately from land which is mortgaged to secure payment of money secured by an instrument under this Act

Section analysis Source-linked statutory analysis Source linked

Approved statute annotation. Statutory quotations are matched to this consolidation and judicial passages are linked to judgments. Check the primary sources alongside this analysis.

What this section does

Statutory power

This section confers or regulates the statutory power described as “Sale of chattel”.

“A chattel or any part of a chattel may be sold along with or separately from land which is mortgaged to secure payment of money secured by an instrument under this Act”

Primary legislation Source quotation matched

Practical effect

The power must be exercised by the authorised decision-maker, within the conditions and purpose stated in the section.

Deterministic editorial synthesis — not a substitute for the statutory text Editorial synthesis approved

Elements or requirements

Operative requirements extracted from the consolidated text.

1

A chattel or any part of a chattel may be sold along with or separately from land which is mortgaged to secure payment of money secured by an instrument under this Act

Judicial interpretation

Express propositions in source-matched passages from judgments citing this section.

0

No judgment in the current Wakilii corpus expressly cites this section. Bare rule-number references are not assigned where the Order cannot be verified.

Related provisions

No express internal or cross-Act reference appears in this section.

Amendment notes

No section-specific amendment note or instrument-level amendment history appears in this consolidation.

Mode of sale

Where an instrument expressly or impliedly gives power to a grantee to sell all or any of the chattels comprised in the instrument without applying to court, the sale shall be by public auction, unless the grantor and encumbracers subsequent to the grantee, if any, consent to a sale by private treaty

Section analysis Source-linked statutory analysis Source linked

Approved statute annotation. Statutory quotations are matched to this consolidation and judicial passages are linked to judgments. Check the primary sources alongside this analysis.

What this section does

Statutory power

This section confers or regulates the statutory power described as “Mode of sale”.

“Where an instrument expressly or impliedly gives power to a grantee to sell all or any of the chattels comprised in the instrument without applying to court, the sale shall be by public auction, unless the grantor and encumbracers subsequent to the grantee, if any, consent to a sale by private treaty”

Primary legislation Source quotation matched

Practical effect

The power must be exercised by the authorised decision-maker, within the conditions and purpose stated in the section.

Deterministic editorial synthesis — not a substitute for the statutory text Editorial synthesis approved

Elements or requirements

Operative requirements extracted from the consolidated text.

1

Where an instrument expressly or impliedly gives power to a grantee to sell all or any of the chattels comprised in the instrument without applying to court, the sale shall be by public auction, unless the grantor and encumbracers subsequent to the grantee, if any, consent to a sale by private treaty

Judicial interpretation

Express propositions in source-matched passages from judgments citing this section.

0

No judgment in the current Wakilii corpus expressly cites this section. Bare rule-number references are not assigned where the Order cannot be verified.

Related provisions

No express internal or cross-Act reference appears in this section.

Amendment notes

No section-specific amendment note or instrument-level amendment history appears in this consolidation.

Vesting interest in chattels

(1)

Where a debt or charge over a chattel is discharged, the interest of the grantee in the chattel shall vest in the person entitled to the equity of redemption in the chattel.

(2)

The interest created under subsection (1) shall be expressed in a memorandum of satisfaction showing the extent to which the debt or charge has been discharged, subject to any lien or equity affecting the chattels.

Section analysis Source-linked statutory analysis Source linked

Approved statute annotation. Statutory quotations are matched to this consolidation and judicial passages are linked to judgments. Check the primary sources alongside this analysis.

What this section does

Mandatory duty

This section imposes mandatory requirements concerning “Vesting interest in chattels”.

“(1) Where a debt or charge over a chattel is discharged, the interest of the grantee in the chattel shall vest in the person entitled to the equity of redemption in the chattel.”

Primary legislation Source quotation matched

Practical effect

The provision uses mandatory language; the responsible person or institution should be able to demonstrate compliance.

Deterministic editorial synthesis — not a substitute for the statutory text Editorial synthesis approved

Elements or requirements

Operative requirements extracted from the consolidated text.

2

(1) Where a debt or charge over a chattel is discharged, the interest of the grantee in the chattel shall vest in the person entitled to the equity of redemption in the chattel.
(2) The interest created under subsection (1) shall be expressed in a memorandum of satisfaction showing the extent to which the debt or charge has been discharged, subject to any lien or equity affecting the chattels.

Judicial interpretation

Express propositions in source-matched passages from judgments citing this section.

0

No judgment in the current Wakilii corpus expressly cites this section. Bare rule-number references are not assigned where the Order cannot be verified.

Related provisions

No express internal or cross-Act reference appears in this section.

Amendment notes

No section-specific amendment note or instrument-level amendment history appears in this consolidation.

Grantor's interest in chattels may be sold in execution of judgment against grantor

(1)

Where legal process issues against the chattels of a judgment-debtor for the execution of a court order, and the chattels, or any of them, are comprised in any instrument under this Act, the officer charged with the execution of the process may, instead of seizing and selling the chattels comprised in the instrument, sell the right, title and interest of the judgment-debtor in the chattels.

(2)

The purchaser of the right, title and interest in chattels under subsection (1) shall serve the grantee with a notice of the purchase and on receiving such notice, the grantee may take possession of the chattels comprised in the instrument.

(3)

A grantee taking possession under subsection (2) shall be taken to hold the chattels in trust for the purchaser of the right, title and interest in the chattels, subject to payment of all money due under the instrument.

(4)

Where the chattels are afterwards sold under a power of sale, expressed or implied in the instrument, and any surplus remains out of the proceeds of the sale after payment of all money due under the instrument, the grantee shall on demand pay the surplus to the purchaser of the right, title and interest in the chattels.

(5)

Where the grantee does not pay over the surplus to the purchaser of the right, title and interest in the chattels, as required by subsection (4), the purchaser may bring an action against the grantee of the right, the title and interest in the chattels to recover the surplus, as money received for the use of the purchaser.

Section analysis Source-linked statutory analysis Source linked

Approved statute annotation. Statutory quotations are matched to this consolidation and judicial passages are linked to judgments. Check the primary sources alongside this analysis.

What this section does

Statutory power

This section confers or regulates the statutory power described as “Grantor's interest in chattels may be sold in execution of judgment against grantor”.

“(1) Where legal process issues against the chattels of a judgment-debtor for the execution of a court order, and the chattels, or any of them, are comprised in any instrument under this Act, the officer charged with the execution of the process may, instead of seizing and selling the chattels comprised in the instrument, sell the right, title and interest of the judgment-debtor in the chattels.”

Primary legislation Source quotation matched

Practical effect

The power must be exercised by the authorised decision-maker, within the conditions and purpose stated in the section.

Deterministic editorial synthesis — not a substitute for the statutory text Editorial synthesis approved

Elements or requirements

Operative requirements extracted from the consolidated text.

5

(1) Where legal process issues against the chattels of a judgment-debtor for the execution of a court order, and the chattels, or any of them, are comprised in any instrument under this Act, the officer charged with the execution of the process may, instead of seizing and selling the chattels comprised in the instrument, sell the right, title and interest of the judgment-debtor in the chattels.
(2) The purchaser of the right, title and interest in chattels under subsection (1) shall serve the grantee with a notice of the purchase and on receiving such notice, the grantee may take possession of the chattels comprised in the instrument.
(3) A grantee taking possession under subsection (2) shall be taken to hold the chattels in trust for the purchaser of the right, title and interest in the chattels, subject to payment of all money due under the instrument.
(4) Where the chattels are afterwards sold under a power of sale, expressed or implied in the instrument, and any surplus remains out of the proceeds of the sale after payment of all money due under the instrument, the grantee shall on demand pay the surplus to the purchaser of the right, title and interest in the chattels.
(5) Where the grantee does not pay over the surplus to the purchaser of the right, title and interest in the chattels, as required by subsection (4), the purchaser may bring an action against the grantee of the right, the title and interest in the chattels to recover the surplus, as money received for the use of the purchaser.

Judicial interpretation

Express propositions in source-matched passages from judgments citing this section.

0

No judgment in the current Wakilii corpus expressly cites this section. Bare rule-number references are not assigned where the Order cannot be verified.

Related provisions

No express internal or cross-Act reference appears in this section.

Amendment notes

No section-specific amendment note or instrument-level amendment history appears in this consolidation.

Inter-pleader process not affected by the Act

Notwithstanding section 43 and any other provision of this Act, an execution creditor may test the validity of an instrument by interpleader process

Section analysis Source-linked statutory analysis Source linked

Approved statute annotation. Statutory quotations are matched to this consolidation and judicial passages are linked to judgments. Check the primary sources alongside this analysis.

What this section does

Statutory power

This section confers or regulates the statutory power described as “Inter-pleader process not affected by the Act”.

“Notwithstanding section 43 and any other provision of this Act, an execution creditor may test the validity of an instrument by interpleader process”

Primary legislation Source quotation matched

Practical effect

The power must be exercised by the authorised decision-maker, within the conditions and purpose stated in the section.

Deterministic editorial synthesis — not a substitute for the statutory text Editorial synthesis approved

Elements or requirements

Operative requirements extracted from the consolidated text.

1

Notwithstanding section 43 and any other provision of this Act, an execution creditor may test the validity of an instrument by interpleader process

Judicial interpretation

Express propositions in source-matched passages from judgments citing this section.

0

No judgment in the current Wakilii corpus expressly cites this section. Bare rule-number references are not assigned where the Order cannot be verified.

Related provisions

Section 43 · Certified copies

Amendment notes

No section-specific amendment note or instrument-level amendment history appears in this consolidation.

Covenants implied in instruments

The covenants specified in the Second Schedule shall be implied in every instrument, and shall have the same effect as if they were expressly written in the instrument

Section analysis Source-linked statutory analysis Source linked

Approved statute annotation. Statutory quotations are matched to this consolidation and judicial passages are linked to judgments. Check the primary sources alongside this analysis.

What this section does

Mandatory duty

This section imposes mandatory requirements concerning “Covenants implied in instruments”.

“The covenants specified in the Second Schedule shall be implied in every instrument, and shall have the same effect as if they were expressly written in the instrument”

Primary legislation Source quotation matched

Practical effect

The provision uses mandatory language; the responsible person or institution should be able to demonstrate compliance.

Deterministic editorial synthesis — not a substitute for the statutory text Editorial synthesis approved

Elements or requirements

Operative requirements extracted from the consolidated text.

1

The covenants specified in the Second Schedule shall be implied in every instrument, and shall have the same effect as if they were expressly written in the instrument

Judicial interpretation

Express propositions in source-matched passages from judgments citing this section.

0

No judgment in the current Wakilii corpus expressly cites this section. Bare rule-number references are not assigned where the Order cannot be verified.

Related provisions

No express internal or cross-Act reference appears in this section.

Amendment notes

No section-specific amendment note or instrument-level amendment history appears in this consolidation.

Covenants to be several or joint

The obligations and benefits arising out of covenants in an instrument may be enforced severally or jointly

Section analysis Source-linked statutory analysis Source linked

Approved statute annotation. Statutory quotations are matched to this consolidation and judicial passages are linked to judgments. Check the primary sources alongside this analysis.

What this section does

Statutory power

This section confers or regulates the statutory power described as “Covenants to be several or joint”.

“The obligations and benefits arising out of covenants in an instrument may be enforced severally or jointly”

Primary legislation Source quotation matched

Practical effect

The power must be exercised by the authorised decision-maker, within the conditions and purpose stated in the section.

Deterministic editorial synthesis — not a substitute for the statutory text Editorial synthesis approved

Elements or requirements

Operative requirements extracted from the consolidated text.

1

The obligations and benefits arising out of covenants in an instrument may be enforced severally or jointly

Judicial interpretation

Express propositions in source-matched passages from judgments citing this section.

0

No judgment in the current Wakilii corpus expressly cites this section. Bare rule-number references are not assigned where the Order cannot be verified.

Related provisions

No express internal or cross-Act reference appears in this section.

Amendment notes

No section-specific amendment note or instrument-level amendment history appears in this consolidation.

Covenants to bind executors and administrators

Covenants, expressed or implied in an instrument, shall bind the executors, administrators and assignees of the person upon whom the covenants impose an obligation, and shall operate for the benefit of the executors, administrators and assignees of the person, or the successors and assignees of the company or corporation, for whose benefit they endure

Section analysis Source-linked statutory analysis Source linked

Approved statute annotation. Statutory quotations are matched to this consolidation and judicial passages are linked to judgments. Check the primary sources alongside this analysis.

What this section does

Mandatory duty

This section imposes mandatory requirements concerning “Covenants to bind executors and administrators”.

“Covenants, expressed or implied in an instrument, shall bind the executors, administrators and assignees of the person upon whom the covenants impose an obligation, and shall operate for the benefit of the executors, administrators and assignees of the person, or the successors and assignees of the company or corporation, for whose benefit they endure”

Primary legislation Source quotation matched

Practical effect

The provision uses mandatory language; the responsible person or institution should be able to demonstrate compliance.

Deterministic editorial synthesis — not a substitute for the statutory text Editorial synthesis approved

Elements or requirements

Operative requirements extracted from the consolidated text.

1

Covenants, expressed or implied in an instrument, shall bind the executors, administrators and assignees of the person upon whom the covenants impose an obligation, and shall operate for the benefit of the executors, administrators and assignees of the person, or the successors and assignees of the company or corporation, for whose benefit they endure

Judicial interpretation

Express propositions in source-matched passages from judgments citing this section.

0

No judgment in the current Wakilii corpus expressly cites this section. Bare rule-number references are not assigned where the Order cannot be verified.

Related provisions

No express internal or cross-Act reference appears in this section.

Amendment notes

No section-specific amendment note or instrument-level amendment history appears in this consolidation.

Covenants may be varied

Any of the covenants specified in the Second Schedule may be expressly varied by the parties to the instrument

Section analysis Source-linked statutory analysis Source linked

Approved statute annotation. Statutory quotations are matched to this consolidation and judicial passages are linked to judgments. Check the primary sources alongside this analysis.

What this section does

Statutory power

This section confers or regulates the statutory power described as “Covenants may be varied”.

“Any of the covenants specified in the Second Schedule may be expressly varied by the parties to the instrument”

Primary legislation Source quotation matched

Practical effect

The power must be exercised by the authorised decision-maker, within the conditions and purpose stated in the section.

Deterministic editorial synthesis — not a substitute for the statutory text Editorial synthesis approved

Elements or requirements

Operative requirements extracted from the consolidated text.

1

Any of the covenants specified in the Second Schedule may be expressly varied by the parties to the instrument

Judicial interpretation

Express propositions in source-matched passages from judgments citing this section.

0

No judgment in the current Wakilii corpus expressly cites this section. Bare rule-number references are not assigned where the Order cannot be verified.

Related provisions

No express internal or cross-Act reference appears in this section.

Amendment notes

No section-specific amendment note or instrument-level amendment history appears in this consolidation.

Defrauding or attempting to defraud grantee

A grantor of an instrument who, by sale or delivery without the consent of the grantee of chattels comprised in the instrument, defrauds or attempts to defraud, invalidate or impair the security of the grantee in the instrument, commits an offence and is liable on conviction to a term of imprisonment not exceeding two years or to a fine not exceeding one hundred currency points, or both

Section analysis Source-linked statutory analysis Source linked

Approved statute annotation. Statutory quotations are matched to this consolidation and judicial passages are linked to judgments. Check the primary sources alongside this analysis.

What this section does

Offence or consequence

This section creates or governs statutory liability concerning “Defrauding or attempting to defraud grantee”.

“A grantor of an instrument who, by sale or delivery without the consent of the grantee of chattels comprised in the instrument, defrauds or attempts to defraud, invalidate or impair the security of the grantee in the instrument, commits an offence and is liable on conviction to a term of imprisonment not exceeding two years or to a fine not exceeding one hundred currency points, or both”

Primary legislation Source quotation matched

Practical effect

A party alleging or defending liability should test the facts and prescribed consequence against each operative requirement.

Deterministic editorial synthesis — not a substitute for the statutory text Editorial synthesis approved

Elements or requirements

Operative requirements extracted from the consolidated text.

0

This section states a single governing proposition and does not enumerate separate elements.

Judicial interpretation

Express propositions in source-matched passages from judgments citing this section.

0

No judgment in the current Wakilii corpus expressly cites this section. Bare rule-number references are not assigned where the Order cannot be verified.

Related provisions

No express internal or cross-Act reference appears in this section.

Amendment notes

No section-specific amendment note or instrument-level amendment history appears in this consolidation.

96. Entitlement to damages for breach of obligations

Where a person fails to discharge a duty or obligation imposed on him or her under this Act, the person to whom the duty or obligation is owed and any other person who is reasonably expected to rely on the performance of the duty or obligation, may recover damages for any loss or damage that was reasonably foreseeable as likely to result from the failure.

Regulations

(1)

The Minister may by statutory instrument, make regulations generally for the giving effect to the provisions of this Act.

(2)

Regulations made under this Act may prescribe-

(a)

forms to be used under this Act;

(b)

fees payable under this Act;

(c)

in connection with any contravention of the regulations-

(i)

a penalty of a fine not exceeding one hundred currency points or imprisonment not exceeding one year or both;

(ii)

in the case of a continuing contravention, prescribe an additional penalty not exceeding fifty currency points in respect of each day on which the offence continues; and

(iii)

a higher penalty not exceeding one hundred and fifty currency points or imprisonment not exceeding two years or both in respect of a second or subsequent contravention.

Section analysis Source-linked statutory analysis Source linked

Approved statute annotation. Statutory quotations are matched to this consolidation and judicial passages are linked to judgments. Check the primary sources alongside this analysis.

What this section does

Offence or consequence

This section creates or governs statutory liability concerning “Regulations”.

“(1) The Minister may by statutory instrument, make regulations generally for the giving effect to the provisions of this Act.”

Primary legislation Source quotation matched

Practical effect

A party alleging or defending liability should test the facts and prescribed consequence against each operative requirement.

Deterministic editorial synthesis — not a substitute for the statutory text Editorial synthesis approved

Elements or requirements

Operative requirements extracted from the consolidated text.

8

(1) The Minister may by statutory instrument, make regulations generally for the giving effect to the provisions of this Act.
(2) Regulations made under this Act may prescribe-
(a) forms to be used under this Act;
(b) fees payable under this Act;
(c) in connection with any contravention of the regulations-
(i) a penalty of a fine not exceeding one hundred currency points or imprisonment not exceeding one year or both;
(ii) in the case of a continuing contravention, prescribe an additional penalty not exceeding fifty currency points in respect of each day on which the offence continues; and
(iii) a higher penalty not exceeding one hundred and fifty currency points or imprisonment not exceeding two years or both in respect of a second or subsequent contravention.

Judicial interpretation

Express propositions in source-matched passages from judgments citing this section.

0

No judgment in the current Wakilii corpus expressly cites this section. Bare rule-number references are not assigned where the Order cannot be verified.

Related provisions

No express internal or cross-Act reference appears in this section.

Amendment notes

No section-specific amendment note or instrument-level amendment history appears in this consolidation.

Minister's power to amend Schedules

(1)

The Minister, may, with the approval of Cabinet, by statutory instrument, amend the First Schedule.

(2)

The Minister, may, by statutory instrument, amend the Second Schedule.

Section analysis Source-linked statutory analysis Source linked

Approved statute annotation. Statutory quotations are matched to this consolidation and judicial passages are linked to judgments. Check the primary sources alongside this analysis.

What this section does

Statutory power

This section confers or regulates the statutory power described as “Minister's power to amend Schedules”.

“(1) The Minister, may, with the approval of Cabinet, by statutory instrument, amend the First Schedule.”

Primary legislation Source quotation matched

Practical effect

The power must be exercised by the authorised decision-maker, within the conditions and purpose stated in the section.

Deterministic editorial synthesis — not a substitute for the statutory text Editorial synthesis approved

Elements or requirements

Operative requirements extracted from the consolidated text.

2

(1) The Minister, may, with the approval of Cabinet, by statutory instrument, amend the First Schedule.
(2) The Minister, may, by statutory instrument, amend the Second Schedule.

Judicial interpretation

Express propositions in source-matched passages from judgments citing this section.

0

No judgment in the current Wakilii corpus expressly cites this section. Bare rule-number references are not assigned where the Order cannot be verified.

Related provisions

No express internal or cross-Act reference appears in this section.

Amendment notes

No section-specific amendment note or instrument-level amendment history appears in this consolidation.

Repeal and savings

(1)

The Chattels Transfer Act, Cap. 70 is repealed.

(2)

Notwithstanding the repeal under subsection (1), an instrument registered under the Chattels Transfer Act, shall continue to be valid for a period not exceeding ninety days from the commencement of this Act, after which it shall be rendered void unless executed and registered in accordance with this Act.

(3)

An instrument executed but not registered before the commencement of this Act may be registered within twenty-one days after the date of commencement of this Act.

(4)

Section 39 shall, with the necessary modifications, apply in respect of the registration of an instrument registered under subsection (2).

First Schedule (Sections 2 and 98(1) )

Currency point A currency point is equivalent to twenty thousand shillings.

Second Schedule (Sections 91 and 98(2) )

Covenants implied in an instrument The following covenants shall be implied in every instrument-

Section analysis Source-linked statutory analysis Source linked

Approved statute annotation. Statutory quotations are matched to this consolidation and judicial passages are linked to judgments. Check the primary sources alongside this analysis.

What this section does

Statutory power

This section confers or regulates the statutory power described as “Repeal and savings”.

“(1) The Chattels Transfer Act, Cap. 70 is repealed.”

Primary legislation Source quotation matched

Practical effect

The power must be exercised by the authorised decision-maker, within the conditions and purpose stated in the section.

Deterministic editorial synthesis — not a substitute for the statutory text Editorial synthesis approved

Elements or requirements

Operative requirements extracted from the consolidated text.

4

(1) The Chattels Transfer Act, Cap. 70 is repealed.
(2) Notwithstanding the repeal under subsection (1), an instrument registered under the Chattels Transfer Act, shall continue to be valid for a period not exceeding ninety days from the commencement of this Act, after which it shall be rendered void unless executed and registered in accordance with this Act.
(3) An instrument executed but not registered before the commencement of this Act may be registered within twenty-one days after the date of commencement of this Act.
(4) Section 39 shall, with the necessary modifications, apply in respect of the registration of an instrument registered under subsection (2).

Judicial interpretation

Express propositions in source-matched passages from judgments citing this section.

0

No judgment in the current Wakilii corpus expressly cites this section. Bare rule-number references are not assigned where the Order cannot be verified.

Related provisions

Section 39 · Mode of registration Section 2 · Interpretation Section 98 · Minister's power to amend Schedules Section 91 · Covenants implied in instruments

Amendment notes

No section-specific amendment note or instrument-level amendment history appears in this consolidation.

1. That the grantor shall pay to

the grantee the principal money and interest secured by the instrument without any deductions, in accordance with the terms mentioned in the instrument;

2. That the grantor shall pay interest

on any further advances that may be secured by the instrument, computed from the time of making the advances respectively, at the rate and on the dates mentioned in the instrument for the payment of interest

3. That the grantor shall not do

or allow any act or deed which prejudicially affect the assigned chattels

4. That the grantor shall duly pay

all rents due in the security in respect of any land or premises on which the chattels assigned are situated

5. That the grantor shall keep and

maintain the assigned chattels in the same condition in which they were at the date of signing the instrument

6. That the grantor shall repair or

replace any chattels which are destroyed and shall execute an instrument giving to the grantee security over the repaired or replaced chattels

7. That the grantee shall possess, sell or dispose of the chattels or part of the chattels by public auction without consent of the grantor, or by private treaty

where the consent of the grantor has been obtained, where (a) the grantor defaults in payment of the secured money;

(b)

the grantor breaches a covenant expressed or implied in the instrument;

(c)

the grantor becomes bankrupt, or

(d)

execution against the goods of the grantor is not stayed or satisfied within ten days.

8. That the grantee shall use the proceeds of the sale to pay

(a)

the costs incurred while taking possession and sale of the chattel;

(b)

the money owing on the secured instrument;

(c)

fees for registering the instrument; and

(d)

the surplus to the grantor.

Instrument comprising stock

9. That the grantee, his or her agent shall, enter into the land or premises

where the stock comprised in the security are feeding for the purpose of viewing the state and condition of the stock

10. That the grantor shall, upon receiving

seven days' notice in writing, give the grantee, his or her agents all reasonable assistance to enable the grantee, his or her agents view the stock feeding upon the land or premises and all stock mentioned in the instrument.

11. That the grantor shall not sale,

remove or alter the quality, quantity or description of the stock comprised in the instrument without the written consent of the grantee.

12. That the grantor shall brand, earmark

and mark the stock in a manner prescribed the instrument

13. That the grantor shall use proper

means for maintaining the stock in a clean and healthy condition

14. That the grantor shall pay all

costs incurred for the proper management and maintenance of the land

15. That the grantor shall, give the

grantee an annual return or account of the number, ages and sexes of the stock comprised in the security and the places where the stock is feeding or kept.

16. That the grantor shall pay fees and comply with the regulations and conditions set by

the owner of the land or premises on which the stock is feeding.

17. That

where the grantor fails or neglects to pay fees, the grantee may make the payments and later demand from the grantee the money paid or advanced by the grantee towards the payment, with interest calculated from the time when the payment was made

18. That the grantee shall enter into

possession of the land on which the stock comprised in the instrument is feeding and shall sell the stock if the grantor fails to perform the covenants expressed or implied in the instrument.

19. That the grantor shall manage the land and stock without any interference from the grantee and

that the costs or charges and interest incurred from the time of the entry, taking possession, until the sale and delivery of that stock until payment, shall be a charge upon the stock comprised in the instrument.

Instrument comprising crops

20. That the grantee shall sell the crops comprised in the instrument

if the grantor does not pay the secured money.

21. That the grantee shall pay the

costs incurred in gathering and selling the crops

22. That the grantee shall sell the

crops by public auction or by private treaty with the written consent of the grantor.

23. That the grantee shall use the proceeds of the sale to pay

(a)

the costs incurred harvesting and gathering the crops;

(b)

the money owing on the secured instrument;

(c)

fees for registering the instrument; and

(d)

the surplus to the grantor.

About this Act

Full text of the Act

Part I

1. Commencement Judicial treatment · 0 cases

2. Interpretation Judicial treatment · 0 cases

3. Agreement giving power of distress by way of security to be instrument Judicial treatment · 1 case

4. Reservation of title Judicial treatment · 0 cases

5. Collateral in possession or control of debtor Judicial treatment · 0 cases

6. Knowledge of fact in relation to particular transaction Judicial treatment · 0 cases

7. Notice to be in writing Judicial treatment · 0 cases

8. Conflict of laws Judicial treatment · 0 cases

Part II

9. Creation of security interest Judicial treatment · 0 cases

10. Effectiveness of agreement creating security interest and duty of good faith Judicial treatment · 0 cases

11. Attachment of security interest Judicial treatment · 1 case

12. Attachment of security interest in property after it is acquired Judicial treatment · 0 cases

13. Future advances Judicial treatment · 0 cases

14. Rights and duties where collateral is in possession of secured party Judicial treatment · 0 cases

15. Secured party to supply information Judicial treatment · 0 cases

16. Requirements for enforcement against third parties Judicial treatment · 0 cases

Part III

17. Perfection of security interest Judicial treatment · 0 cases

18. Perfection by registration Judicial treatment · 0 cases

19. Perfection by possession of collateral Judicial treatment · 0 cases

20. Temporary perfection where collateral is delivered or is available to debtor Judicial treatment · 0 cases

21. Security interest in proceeds Judicial treatment · 0 cases

22. Continuity of perfection Judicial treatment · 0 cases

23. Protection of purchasers of goods Judicial treatment · 0 cases

24. Protection of purchasers of chattel paper, negotiable instruments, documents of title and securities Judicial treatment · 0 cases

25. Priorities among conflicting security interests in same collateral Judicial treatment · 0 cases

26. Priority of purchase money security interests Judicial treatment · 0 cases

27. Priority where registration ceases to be effective Judicial treatment · 0 cases

28. Priority of negotiable document of title Judicial treatment · 0 cases

29. Priority of lien Judicial treatment · 0 cases

30. Priority of security interests in fixtures Judicial treatment · 0 cases

31. Priority of security interests in crops Judicial treatment · 0 cases

32. Priority of security interests in accessions Judicial treatment · 0 cases

33. Priority where goods are processed or mixed Judicial treatment · 0 cases

34. Priority subject to postponement Judicial treatment · 0 cases

Part IV

35. Designation of registrar Judicial treatment · 0 cases

36. Registrar's official seal Judicial treatment · 0 cases

37. Register of chattels securities Judicial treatment · 0 cases

38. Register book and index to be kept Judicial treatment · 0 cases

39. Mode of registration Judicial treatment · 0 cases

40. Time for registration Judicial treatment · 0 cases

41. Duration and renewal or change of registration Judicial treatment · 0 cases

42. Register searches Judicial treatment · 0 cases

43. Certified copies Judicial treatment · 0 cases

44. Fees Judicial treatment · 0 cases

Part V

45. Attestation of instrument Judicial treatment · 0 cases

46. Instrument not duly attested and registered to be void Judicial treatment · 0 cases

47. Chattel comprised in registered instrument not to be in possession of grantor Judicial treatment · 0 cases

48. Priority of two or more instruments registered for the same chattel Judicial treatment · 0 cases

49. Form of instrument Judicial treatment · 0 cases

50. Instrument to take effect upon registration Judicial treatment · 0 cases

51. Instrument to have inventory of chattels Judicial treatment · 0 cases

52. Instrument not to affect chattels acquired after execution of instrument Judicial treatment · 0 cases

53. Instrument made subject to condition or declaration of trust Judicial treatment · 0 cases

54. Instrument securing current account Judicial treatment · 0 cases

55. Instruments comprising stock Judicial treatment · 0 cases

56. Instrument comprising crops Judicial treatment · 0 cases

57. Substitution of chattels described in instrument Judicial treatment · 0 cases

58. Transfer of instrument Judicial treatment · 0 cases

59. Registration of transfer of instrument Judicial treatment · 0 cases

39. Part VI - Financing statement

Part VI

60. Financing statement Judicial treatment · 0 cases

61. Registration of financing statement Judicial treatment · 0 cases

62. Financing change statement for transferred security interest Judicial treatment · 0 cases

96. 63. Collateral in registered financing statement Judicial treatment · 0 cases

64. Transfer of debtor's interest in collateral or change of debtor's name Judicial treatment · 0 cases

Part VII

65. Right to compensation Judicial treatment · 0 cases

66. Matters in respect of which compensation is payable Judicial treatment · 0 cases

67. Maximum compensation payable Judicial treatment · 0 cases

68. Factors that may prevent or reduce compensation payments Judicial treatment · 0 cases

69. Exemption from liability Judicial treatment · 0 cases

70. State's right of subrogation Judicial treatment · 0 cases

Commencement

Interpretation

Agreement giving power of distress by way of security to be instrument

Reservation of title

Collateral in possession or control of debtor

Knowledge of fact in relation to particular transaction

Notice to be in writing

Conflict of laws

Creation of security interest

Effectiveness of agreement creating security interest and duty of good faith

Attachment of security interest

Attachment of security interest in property after it is acquired

Future advances

Rights and duties where collateral is in possession of secured party

Secured party to supply information

Requirements for enforcement against third parties

Perfection of security interest

Perfection by registration

Perfection by possession of collateral

Temporary perfection where collateral is delivered or is available to debtor

Security interest in proceeds

Continuity of perfection

Protection of purchasers of goods

Protection of purchasers of chattel paper, negotiable instruments, documents of title and securities

Priorities among conflicting security interests in same collateral

Priority of purchase money security interests

Priority where registration ceases to be effective

Priority of negotiable document of title

Priority of lien

Priority of security interests in fixtures

Priority of security interests in crops

Priority of security interests in accessions

Priority where goods are processed or mixed

Priority subject to postponement

Designation of registrar

Registrar's official seal

Register of chattels securities

Register book and index to be kept

Mode of registration

Time for registration

Duration and renewal or change of registration

Register searches

Certified copies

Fees

Attestation of instrument

Instrument not duly attested and registered to be void

Chattel comprised in registered instrument not to be in possession of grantor

Priority of two or more instruments registered for the same chattel

Form of instrument

Instrument to take effect upon registration

Instrument to have inventory of chattels

Instrument not to affect chattels acquired after execution of instrument

Instrument made subject to condition or declaration of trust

Instrument securing current account

Instruments comprising stock

Instrument comprising crops

Substitution of chattels described in instrument

Transfer of instrument

Registration of transfer of instrument

Financing statement

Registration of financing statement

Financing change statement for transferred security interest

63. Collateral in registered financing statement

Transfer of debtor's interest in collateral or change of debtor's name

Right to compensation

Matters in respect of which compensation is payable

Maximum compensation payable

Factors that may prevent or reduce compensation payments

Exemption from liability

State's right of subrogation

Remedies available where debtor in default

Real and personal collateral

Realisation of collateral

Appointment of receiver

Possession by secured party

Sale by secured party

Treatment of deficiency after sale

Mode of sale

Notice of sale

Effect of sale