Section 150: Initial aircraft ground training for flight crew member

(1) A person shall not serve nor shall an air operator certificate holder use a person as a flight crew member unless that person has completed the initial ground training approved by the authority for the aircraft type. (2) Initial aircraft ground training for flight crew members shall include the pertinent portions of the operations manuals relating to aircraft-specific performance, mass and balance, operational policies, systems, limitations, normal, abnormal and emergency procedures on the aircraft type to be used. (3) An AOC holder shall have an initial aircraft ground training curriculum for the flight crew applicable to the type of operations conducted and aircraft flown. (4) Instructions shall include at least the following general subjects- (a) AOC holder's dispatch, flight release, or operational control or flight following procedures; (b) principles and methods for determining mass and balance, and runway limitations for take-off; (c) adverse weather recognition and avoidance, and flight procedures which shall be followed when operating in the following conditions- (i) icing; (ii) fog; (iii) turbulence; (iv) heavy precipitation; (v) thunderstorms; (vi) low-level wind shear and microburst; and (vii) low visibility; (d) normal and emergency communications procedures and navigation equipment including the AOC holder's communications procedures and air traffic control clearance requirements; (e) navigation procedures used in area departure, en route, area arrival, approach and landing phases; (f) approved crew resource management or CRM training; (g) air traffic control systems, procedures, and phraseology; (h) aircraft performance characteristics during all flight regimes, including- (i) the use of charts, tables, tabulated data and other related manual information; (ii) normal, abnormal, and emergency performance problems; (iii) meteorological and weight limiting performance factors, such as temperature, pressure, contaminated runways, precipitation, climb and runway limits; (iv) inoperative equipment performance limiting factors, such as Minimum Equipment List (MEL) or configuration deviation list, inoperative antiskid; and (v) special operational conditions, such as unpaved runways, high altitude aerodromes and drift down requirements. (5) An AOC holder shall have an initial aircraft ground training curriculum for the flight crew applicable to the type of operations conducted and aircraft flown, including at least the following aircraft systems- (a) aircraft- (i) aircraft dimensions, turning radius, panel layouts, cockpit and cabin configurations; and (ii) other major systems and components or appliances of the aircraft; (b) power plants; (i) basic engine description; (ii) engine thrust ratings; and (iii) engine components such as accessory drives, ignition, oil, fuel control, hydraulic and bleed air features; (c) electrical- (i) sources of aircraft electrical power, such as engine driven generators, auxiliary power unit or APU generator and external power; (ii) electrical buses; (iii) circuit breakers; (iv) aircraft battery; and (v) standby power systems; (d) hydraulic- (i) hydraulic reservoirs, pumps, accumulators, filters, check valves, interconnects and actuators; and (ii) other hydraulically operated components; (e) fuel- (i) fuel tanks, including location and quantities; (ii) engine driven pumps; (iii) boost pumps; (iv) system valves and cross feeds; (v) quantity indicators; (vi) quantity indicators; and (vii) provisions for fuel jettisoning; (f) pneumatic- (i) bleed air sources, auxiliary power unit or external ground air; and (ii) means of routing, venting and controlling bleed air via valves, ducts, chambers, and temperature and pressure limiting devices; (g) air conditioning and pressurisation- (i) heaters, air conditioning packs, fans, and other environmental control devices; (ii) pressurisation system components such as outflow and negative pressure relief valves; and (iii) automatic, standby, manual pressurisation controls and annunciations; (h) flight controls- (i) primary controls, including yaw, pitch, and roll devices; (ii) secondary controls, including leading or trailing edge devices, flaps, trim, and damping mechanisms; (iii) means of actuation, whether direct or indirect or fly by wire; and (iv) redundancy devices; (i) landing gear- (i) landing gear extension and retraction mechanism including the operating sequence of struts, doors, and locking devices, and brake and antiskid systems, where applicable; (ii) steering, including nose or body steering gear; (iii) bogie arrangements; (iv) air or ground sensor relays; and (v) visual downlock indicators; (j) ice and rain protection- (i) rain removal systems; (ii) anti-icing or de-icing systems affecting flight controls, engines; and (iii) pitot static probes, fluid outlets, cockpit windows, and aircraft structures; (k) equipment and furnishings- (i) exits; (ii) galleys; (iii) water and waste systems; (iv) lavatories; (v) cargo areas; (vi) crew member and passenger seats; (vii) bulkheads; (viii) seating and cargo configurations; and (ix) non-emergency equipment and furnishings; (l) navigation equipment- (i) flight directors; (ii) horizontal situation indicator; (iii) radio magnetic indicator; (iv) navigation receivers such as global positioning system, automatic direction finder (ADF), very high frequency omnidirectional radio range (VOR), OMEGA, long range navigation (LORAN-C), area navigation (RNAV), marker beacon, distance measuring equipment (DME); (v) inertial systems such as inertia navigation system (INS) and inertia reference (IRS); (vi) functional displays; (vii) fault indications and comparator systems; (viii) aircraft transponders; (ix) radio altimeters; (x) weather radar; and (xi) cathode ray tube or computer-generated displays of aircraft position and navigation information. (m) auto flight system- (i) autopilot; (ii) auto throttles; (iii) flight director and navigation systems; (iv) automatic approach tracking; (v) auto land; and (vi) automatic fuel and performance management systems. (n) flight instruments- (i) panel arrangement; (ii) flight instruments, including attitude indicator, directional gyro, magnetic compass, airspeed indicator, vertical speed indicator, altimeters, standby instruments; and (iii) instrument power sources, and instrument sensory sources, such as pitot static pressure; (o) display systems- (i) weather radar; and (ii) other Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) displays, such as checklist, vertical navigation or longitudinal navigation displays; (p) communication equipment- (i) Very High Frequency (VHF) or High Frequency (HF); (ii) audio panels; (iii) in flight interphone and passenger address systems; (iv) voice recorder; and (v) Aircraft Communication Addressing and Reporting System (ACARS); (q) warning systems- (i) aural, visual, and tactile warning systems, including the character and degree of urgency related to each signal; and (ii) warning and caution anunciator systems, including ground proximity and take-off warning systems; (r) fire protection- (i) fire and overheat sensors, loops, modules, or other means of providing visual or aural indications of fire or overheat detection; (ii) procedures for the use of fire handles, automatic extinguishing systems and extinguishing agents; and (iii) power sources necessary to provide protection for fire and overheat conditions in engines, auxiliary power unit, cargo bay or wheel well, cockpit, cabin and lavatories; (s) oxygen- (i) passenger, crew, and portable oxygen supply systems; (ii) sources of oxygen such as gaseous or solid; (iii) flow and distribution networks; (iv) automatic deployment systems; (v) regulators, pressure levels and gauges; and (vi) servicing requirements; (t) lighting- (i) cockpit, cabin, and external lighting systems; (ii) power sources; (iii) switch positions; and (iv) spare light bulb locations; (u) lighting- (i) cockpit, cabin, and external lighting systems; (ii) power sources; (iii) switch positions; and (iv) spare light bulb locations; (v) lighting- (i) cockpit, cabin, and external lighting systems; (ii) power sources; (iii) switch positions; and (iv) spare light bulb locations; (w) emergency equipment- (i) fire and oxygen bottles; (ii) first aid kits; (iii) life rafts and life preservers; (iv) crash axes; (v) emergency exits and lights; (vi) slides and slide rafts; (vii) escape straps or handles; and (viii) hatches, ladders and movable stairs; and (x) auxiliary power unit- (i) electric and bleed air capabilities; (ii) interfaces with electrical and pneumatic systems; (iii) inlet doors and exhaust ducts; and (iv) fuel supply. (6) An AOC holder shall have an initial aircraft ground training curriculum for the flight crew applicable to the type of operations conducted and aircraft flown, including at least the following aircraft systems integration items- (a) use of checklist- (i) safety chocks; (ii) cockpit preparation (switch position and checklist flows); (iii) checklist callouts and responses; and (iv) checklist sequence; (b) flight planning- (i) performance limitations, including meteorological, weight, minimum equipment list and configuration deviation list items; (ii) required fuel loads; and (iii) weather planning, lower than standard take-off minimums or alternate requirements; (c) navigation systems- (i) pre-flight and operation of applicable receivers; (ii) onboard navigation systems; and (iii) flight plan information input and retrieval; (d) auto flight, autopilot, auto thrust, and flight director systems, including the appropriate procedures, normal and abnormal indications, and enunciators; (e) cockpit familiarisation- (i) activation of aircraft system controls and switches to include normal, abnormal and emergency switches; and (ii) control positions and relevant enunciators, lights, or other caution and warning systems. (7) An AOC holder may have separate initial aircraft ground training curricula of varying lengths and subject emphasis which recognise the experience levels of a flight crew member approved by the authority.